Final Flashcards
1
Q
Gilt
A
Female, no births
2
Q
Barrow
A
Male, castrated- meat source
3
Q
Sow
A
Female with young
4
Q
Weaner age
A
~3 weeks, weaned
5
Q
Shoat
A
Older pig- term not used often
6
Q
Finisher/fat hog- age/size
A
6 months, 280 lb, ready for market
7
Q
Wean to finish sizes
A
30 lb to 280 lb
8
Q
Feedback
A
Inoculate all animas at same time with pig intestines/manure to get them all sick at once
9
Q
Parity
A
Number of litters
10
Q
Non-productive sow day
A
3-7 days of not pregnant, not lactating
11
Q
SEW- define, what is it used for?
A
Segregated early weaning to control disease
12
Q
MEW
A
Medicated early weaning
13
Q
MMEW
A
Modified medicated early weaning
14
Q
Farm:pig ratio trend
A
More pigs, less farms
15
Q
Describe the pig pyramid
A
Nucleus- multipliers- producers- market
16
Q
Spot- -type of pig
A
Dark
17
Q
SPF- define
A
Specific pathogen free
18
Q
Primary SPF
A
C section derived
19
Q
Ideal # teats
A
14
20
Q
Most cost effective way to tx disease/outbreak
A
H2O tx
21
Q
Duroc, Poland, Hampshire, Berkshire- type of pigs
A
Dark
22
Q
Type of pig with lean muscle for meat
A
Dark
23
Q
Pigs that are better mothers, not meat
A
White
24
Q
Yorkshire, Landrace, Pietran type of pig
A
White (pietran spotted)
25
Method of death- gunshot, captive bolt
Disrupt brainstem
26
What is a rotational cross
Several different breeds mixed to maintain hybrid vigor
27
White scours/wet tail scours/ETEC- agent
Colibacillosis E. Coli
28
Secondary SPF
from primary SPF
29
TGE- agent
Coronavirus serotype 1
30
Colibacillosis in neonates - pathogenesis
Pili attach to enterocytes and destroy crypts, toxin secreted into SI lead to acidosis, dehydration, death
31
MMA- dz source in growing/breeding sows
PEDv (coronavirus)
32
Colibacillosis- tx
Abx, fluids
33
TGE- transmission
Coronavirus in feces for 10 weeks, fecal oral, airborne to 1 mile
34
Diarrhea and septicemia in
Colibacillosis (white scours, ETEC)
35
Coronavirus- diseases
TGE, PEDv
36
Most common site for gastric ulceration of animals at slaughter
Pars esophagae- where esophagus attaches to stomach
37
Profuse watery D, milk curds, V- dz
TGE (with less V can be PEDv)
38
Causes of gastric ulceration
Copper, stress, gastric acidity, whey, corn starch, off feed, etc
39
Colibacillosis (white scours, ETEC)- control
Vax to sow, AI/AO
40
Peracute death from hemorrhage/peritonitis in older pigs or chronic melena, weight loss, anemia and abdominal pain can be due to - dz
Gastric ulcers
41
TGE replication, pathogenesis
Lung, all SI; Villi damage, malabsorption, D, dehydration
42
PEDv vax- when to use
Dont use in sows unless a problem is present
43
PEDv pathogenesis
Villi destruction from replication in enterocytes of SI, ulceration leads to fluid loss, dehydration
44
Describe TGE immunity; best control method
IgG initial (Ab in serum for 7 weeks), IgA in gut colostrum; Maternal Ab in 6-12w piglets; Best control: Feedback
45
Fever, coughing, respiratory thumping, naso-ocular d/c in any age from nursery to finishers- dz
PRDC- porcine respiratory disease complex (pneumonia)
46
Ileitis*, NPE, RI, PHE, and NE are all other names for
PIA- porcine intestinal adenomatosis
47
PRDC agents
M. hyorhinus, PRRSV, SIV, bacteria
48
PEDv vs TGE cs
PEDv V less common
49
4.5 d old, watery, pasty D with rough hair coat
Coccidiosis
50
Respiratory infection with chronic non-productive coughing, rough hair coat, body condition loss, but low mortality
Mycoplasma pneumonia from mycopasma pneumoniae (or occasionally m. hyo)
51
Transmission of myco pneumonia
Aerosol or direct contact most common, airborne possible; Sow to piglet or pig to pig
52
Coccidiosis agent, source of infection
Isospora suis; NOT the sow, oocytes in the environment sporulate
53
Edema of gut, nervous signs, CPD in weaned pigs- dz
Edema dz from colibacillosis
54
Most common age for myco. pneumonia
3-10 weeks
55
Coccidiosis- gross lesions
Thickened, turgid jejunum and ileum
56
Pathogenesis of myco pneumonia
Infection of cilia of URT causing clumping and shedding (likely due to a cytotoxin) affecting mucociliary apparatus
57
Name the dz via the lesion: Necropsy- thin walled SI
PEDv or TGE
58
Coccidiosis- control, Tx
Get rid of spores, quaternary ammonia compounds/chlorox, heat/steam; Tx: Amprolium or decoquinate (coccidiostats), sulfas
59
Rotovirus- transmission, replication, pathogenesis
Sow to piglet at farrowing; SI replication, villous damage leading to malabsorption, D
60
Agents associated with PIA
campylobacter, lawsonia
61
Pig less than 7 days, peracute to acute bloody diarrhea- dz
Clostridial enteritis (can also be chronic/subacute in older)
62
Name the dz from the lesion: Histo: peribronchilar lymphocytic hyperplasia
Myco pneumonia
63
Most common cause of salmonellosis
S. cholerasuis
64
Tx myco. pneumonia
Tetracyclines, tylan; Used to treat with quinolones but now illegal
65
Clostridial enteritis- tx
PPG (penicillin G) (gram +)
66
Clostridial enteritis- usefulness of vaccines
Vax all sows to help control, bacitracin may reduce shedding
67
Diarrhea, stunting, +/- fever in weaned pig- dz
PWD Colibacillosis
68
What causes and determines the severity of PWD Colibacillosis
Loss of lactogenic immunity at weaning; Pathogenicity and management determine severity
69
Diagnose dz via lesion: Histo: loss of villous tips, clumping of villi, peroxidase staining
Rotovirus
70
Sudden death of seemingly healthy pigs- dz
ED from colibacillosis
71
Clostridial enteritis- agent
C. perfringens Type C
72
Fever, restlessness, anorexia, cyanosis, yellow diarrhea- dz
Septicemic salmonellosis
73
PWD (post-weaning D) and ED (edema dz)- agent
Colibacillosis strains in weaned pigs
74
Merozoites, micro and macro gametes in SI indicate what infection
Coccidiosis
75
Explosive coughing outbreak, 106-107 fever, anorexia, conjunctivitis- dz
SIV- swine influenza
76
Pathogenesis of c. perfringens
Adheres to jejunal epithelium, damages villi- Beta toxin!!
77
Pathogenesis of PWD
High stomach pH, environmental e. coli overgrowth, enterotoxins leading to secretory diarrhea
78
Name the dz via the lesion: Gross: hemorrhagic SI, gas bubbles in serosa, bloody lumen; Histo- high # bacteria, villous damage
Clostridial enteritis (c. perfringens C)
79
Fever, dehydration, loss of body condition, fast spreading D- dz
Enteric form of salmonellosis
80
PWD- control methods
Creep feeding to intro solid food, split feedings, low #s per pen, complex diet, acidified H2O
81
Mucohemorrhagic colitis with decreased performance and death losses in any ages but most common in feeder pigs- dz
Serpulina (brachyspira) hyodysenteriae - (anaerobic sprirochete)
82
Serpulina (brachyspira) hyodysenteriae- pathogenesis
Entrance into colon via goblet cells, then into epithelial colon cells leading to destruction, inflammation, histamine release, and failure of fluid transport mechanisms
83
Where are the only lesions for Serpulina hyodysenteriae found?
Mucosa
84
7-14 day old pig, anorexia, V, D (can be profuse), dehydration- dz
Rotovirus
85
Name dz from lesions: Histo: button ulcers, enlarged mesenteric LN, fluid-filled cecum/colon, necrotic colitis/typhlitis
Enteric salmonellosis
86
PWD- tx
Feed or H2O gram negative Abx, +/- split feeding, acidified H2O/electrolytes in feed, change protein:fiber levels
87
Name the dz from lesion: parathyroid nodule in liver
Septicemic salmonellosis
88
Preferred/classic control of rotovirus
Feedback q 3-5 weeks
89
Dx salmonellosis
Culture
90
Tx salmonellosis
Early, aggressive Abx
91
Tx rotovirus
Fluids, supportive, +/- Abx
92
Vax plan for rotovirus
MLV/killed- in piglets and sows
93
Name dz from lesions: congested liver, watery material in SI but SI not damaged, dehydration
PWD Colibacillosis
94
Mouth breathing, thumping, early fever- dz
Pasteurella multocida
95
Dz with longest shedding (70 days) that can survive in lagoon water, dogs, mice, starlings, flies
Serpulina (brachyspira) Hyodysenteriae
96
Acute fever, anorexia, dyspnea leading to bloody nose, infarct and cyanosis --> death in 6 hours in grower/finisher pigs- dz
APP- actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (aka HPP)
97
What causes death in pasteurella multocida
Endotoxic shock
98
Best method of control for serpulina hyodysenteriae
depop/repop
99
P. multocida-most common etiology, pathogenesis
Type A; Immune suppression, secondary to disease causing mucociliary tract dysfunction
100
P. multocida- tx
Abx
101
What lesion is pathognomonic for salmonellosis; name 3 gross lesions that could be seen
Parathyroid nodule in the liver; skin discoloration, enlarged LN, enlarged spleen
102
Transmission of APP
Tonsil/lungs of carrier pig with nose-nose transmission of 10^4-10^6 orgs (fragile organism)
103
Tx APP
Parenteral Abx early and often, Chronic: low stress, ventilation, cross protection
104
Late term abortion, premature, mummified fetus- dz
PRRS
105
PRRS etiology, transmission
Viral (lelystad, togavirus, arterivirus); Aerosol pig to pig, semen transmission
106
PRRS- tx and control
Very expensive- control via proper strain vax
107
Control myco pneumonia
AI/AO, SEW/MEW/MMEW, SPF,
| Depop/Repop
108
Control SIV
Vaccines!, ventilation, control birds
109
What type of disease will SPF pigs still have?
Strep. suis
110
TGE- tx
Fluids! (and prayer)
111
Limiting amino acid in swine
Lysine
112
Which agent is zoonotic: rotavirus, staph. hyacus, orisospora suis
Rotavirus
113
What is the most cost-effective lesion to reduce horizontal respiratory disease transmission- vax, sanitation, individual medication, AIAO, feed medication
AIAO
114
A minimal vaccination program for pre-breeding gilts should include vaccination against:
a. Pseudorabies, mycoplasmosis and atrophic rhinitis
b. Leptospirosis, parvovirus, and erysipelas
c. Parvovirus, colibacillosis, and TGE
d. Erysipelas, rotavirus, and hemophilus
e. Brucellosis, pseudorabies, and hog cholera
B- lepto, parvo, erysipelas
115
The most important reason to use antibiotics in the feed for pigs is to:
a. Decrease costs
b. Ease of administration
c. Prevent disease
d. Treat disease
e. Improve gain and feed efficiency
Improve grain and feed efficiency (From notes: week 6-8 Abx target specific disease, improve feed: grain ratio)
116
AIAO production will NOT do which of the following:
a. Increase usage of the facility
b. Ease management
c. Decrease death loss
d. Improve feed efficiency and ADG
e. Eliminate all respiratory disease
e- eliminate all respiratory dz
117
In taking a history when dealing with neonatal scours in pigs, what one of the following facts may help you the most? (most important factor when diagnosing piglet diarrhea)
a. Age of onset
b. Breed of sire
c. Time of year
d. Color of scour
Age of onset (From notes: dx from Hx (age and CS signs)
118
Prevention of colibacillosis in neonatal pigs is most economically & effectively prevented by:
a. Sanitation
b. Vaccination of the piglets
c. Vaccination of the dam [E. coli]
d. Management of the environment [Clostridium; All in/All out – Coccidiosis]
e. Feedback [TGE, rotavirus, E. coli, Clostridium]
c- vax of the dam (e. coli)
119
TGE in piglets less than 10 days of age is best treated with:
a. Oral electrolytes
b. IV fluids
c. Sow medication
d. Piglet vaccination
e. Sow vaccination
B- IV fluids
120
Which of the following neonatal diarrheas would feedback NOT work for?
a. Coccidiosis
b. TGE
c. Rotavirus
d. E. coli
e. Clostridium
a. coccidiosis
121
The best explanation for why SEW is so successful is
a. The new site is clean
b. The pigs were moved away from the source of disease
c. Medication in the feed reduces the incidence of disease
d. Vaccination for appropriate pathogens is more successful
b- pigs moved away from source of disease
122
Clostridium perfringens type C is best prevented by:
a. Vaccination of the sows and gilts with a killed bacterin/toxoid
b. Cleaning the farrowing house with a hot water high pressure sprayer
c. Administering antitoxin
d. A and B
e. All of the above
e. all of the above
123
Which of the following combinations of pathogens usually causes porcine respiratory disease complex?
a. Salmonella cholerasuis and mycoplasma hyosynoviae
b. Pasteurella multocida type D, PRRS, SIV, and APP
c. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, PRRSV, SIV, bacteria (Pasteurella, s. suis, etc.)
d. Pseudorabies and hemophilus parasuis
e. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
c. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, PRRSV, SIV, bacteria (Pasteurella, s. suis, etc.)
124
Most pigs today are raised from:
a. Pure breeds
b. Breeding stock companies pigs
c. Three or four way rotational crosses
d. SPF herds
e. None of the above
B- breeding stock companies' pigs
125
Two diseases that almost always should be vaccinated for are:
a. Salmonella and pasteurella
b. E. coli and Erysipelas
c. APP and PRRS
d. SIV and PRV
e. Coccidiosis and TGE
b. E. coli and Erysipelas
126
Euthanasia of pigs is best carried out by:
a. Lethal injection
b. Blow to the head
c. Electrocution and exsanguinations
d. Gunshot to the brain
e. All of the above [all are humane]
e. All of the above [all are humane]
127
When treating finisher pigs, the most important factor to take into account is:
a. Cost
b. Residues
c. Effectiveness of treatment
d. Ease of treatment
b. Residues
128
You are called out to a farm to investigate death loss in baby pigs. The farmers say that a number of pigs die within a day or so of birth and then they lose some on and off until 10 days or so of age. You post several affected piglets and see a hemorrhagic small intestine in the youngest pigs and a diptheritic membrane in the older piglets. What disease do you suspect?
a. Coccidiosis
b. E. coli
c. Strongyloides
d. Rotavirus
e. Clostridium perfringens type C
e. Clostridium perfringens type C
129
Which of the following swine etiologic agents can cause zoonotic disease
a. Mycoplasma hyosynoviae
b. Treponema hyodysenteriae
c. Streptococcus suis type II
d. Staph hyicus
e. Isospora suis
c. Streptococcus suis type II
130
Which of the following swine respiratory diseases is characterized by acute death, low morbidity, high mortality, and requires co-culture for identification?
a. Enzootic pneumonia [(Mycoplasma Pneumonia) – high morbidity, low mortality]
b. Atrophic rhinitis
c. Swine influenza [high morbidity, low mortality]
d. Pasteurella multocida type A
e. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia/APP [aka Hemophilus/HPP]
e. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia/APP [aka Hemophilus/HPP]
131
Mycoplasma pneumonia is characterized by:
a. Low morbidity and low mortality
b. Low morbidity and high mortality
c. High morbidity and low mortality
d. High morbidity and high mortality
e. Few or no clinical signs
c. High morbidity and low mortality
132
A basic fecal pH is typical of infection with:
a. Rotavirus
b. TGE
c. E.coli
d. Coccidiosis
e. Strongyloides
c. E.coli
133
Suckling piglets restricted to concrete with no access to dirt may develop anemia due to:
a. Parasitism
b. Iron deficiency
c. Stomach ulceration
d. Copper deficiency
e. Molybdenum toxicity
b. Iron deficiency
134
Neonatal pigs may have genetic resistance to the K88 strain of the following diarrheal disease agent:
a. Coronavirus
b. Clostridium perfringens type C
c. E. coli
d. Isospora suis
c. E. coli
135
. Age-segregated rearing succeeds in reducing disease by
a. Removing piglets from the infected site
b. Having a clean nursery for the piglets to go to
c. Vaccination programs aimed at proper age of vaccination
d. Having an old sow herd
e. Medications of the piglets
a. Removing piglets from the infected site
136
Two diseases that are always vaccinated for are:
a. Salmonella and Pasteurella
b. E. coli and Erysipelas
c. APP and PRRS
d. SIV and PRV
e. Coccidiosis and TGE
b. E. coli and Erysipelas
137
All in/All out: pigs moved through production facilities as groups and rooms are emptied of pigs and cleaned/disinfected between groups. Advantages include all of the following:
a. Increased usage of facility
b. Ease of management
c. Decreased death loss
d. Improved feed efficiency (FE) and average daily growth (ADG)
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
138
If a farmer had no money, but wanted to do one thing on days 1 – 3 to increase the swine herd health, which should he do?
a. Cut teeth, give iron, dip navel, cut tail, ear notch, antibiotics (coccidiostats), antiserums
b. Castrate, repeat C&D antitoxin, coccidiosis medication, gilt/boar selection, underline screening, vaccination (bordetella, pasteurella, erysipelas), creep feed (by day 7)
c. Give iron, wean, vaccination (mycoplasma, PRRSV), parasite control, split weaning, management considerations, parenteral antibiots (days 14 - 21)
d. Vaccination (erysipelas), targeted antibiotic therapy, parasite control, site-specific factors, management factors
a. Cut teeth, give iron, dip navel, cut tail, ear notch, antibiotics (coccidiostats), antiserums
139
Which of the following diseases cause vomiting in neonatal piglets?
a. Colibacillosis and TGE
b. TGE and coccidiosis
c. Coccidiosis and clostridial enteritis
d. Rotavirus and TGE
e. Clostridial enteritis and rotavirus
d. Rotavirus and TGE
140
Which pathogen causes edema disease?
a. Clostridia
b. E. coli
c. Rotavirus
d. Salmonella
e. Coccidia
b. E. coli [causes edema disease and colibacillosis in weaned pigs]
141
What is the typical market weight and age for pigs?
a. 6 months (~205 days) and 230 – 280 lbs
b. 21 days and 12 – 17 lbs
c. 8 weeks and 40 lbs
d. 3 months and 150 lbs
e. 6 months and 500 lbs
a. 6 months (~205 days) and 230 – 280 lbs
142
To do: Herd health day: 1-3
Castrate! Iron supplementation, clean naval, ear notch, +/- needle teeth, tail, Abx (coccidiostats), antiserums
143
To do: Herd health day: 7
Castrate if not done days 1-3, repeat antitoxin if necessary, make gilt/barrow selection via underline screening; VaxL bordetella, pasteurella, erysipelas; creep feed
144
To do: Herd health day: 14-21
Iron if needed, wean/split weaning, vax, parasite control, facility management decisions, Abx (feed/h2O, parenteral)
145
To do: Herd health week 6-8
Vax, Abx (target specific/improve feed:gain ratio), parasites, management decisions
