Final

Question 1

The negative exponent of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

Answer 1

PH

Question 2

A substance that dissacociates to release hydroxide ions or to remove hydrogen ions, increasing ph

Answer 2

Base

Question 3

A solution with a pH of 7

Answer 3

Neutral

Question 4

A substance that tends to oppose changes in the pH of a solution by removing or replacing hydrogen ions

Answer 4

Buffer

Question 5

A solution with a pH above 7

Answer 5

Basic or alkaline

Question 6

A substance that disassociates to release hydrogen ions, decreasing pH

Answer 6

Acid

Question 7

An ionic compound consisting of a cation other than a hydrogen ion and an anion other than a hydroxide ion

Answer 7

Salt

Question 8

A solution with a pH below 7

Answer 8

Acidic

Question 9

T OR F. Metabolic acidosis develops when large numbers of hydrogen ions are removed from body fluids, resulting in an increase in pH

Answer 9

False

Question 10

T OR F. Proteins are the most abundant solid components of body mass

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T OR F. About half of daily water loss occurs through evaporation at the lungs

Answer 11

False

Question 12

T OR F. Respiratory alkalosis can be treated by simply having the person breathe in and out of a paper bag

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T OR F. Hypokalemia is caused by inadequate aldosterone secretion

Answer 13

False

Question 14

T OR F. Iron is classified as a bulk mineral

Answer 14

False

Question 15

T OR F. Carbonic acid is a volatile acid that forms through the interaction of water and carbon dioxide

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T OR F. The pH of ECF normally ranges from 7.0 to 7.30

Answer 16

False

Question 17

T OR F. The total body composition of adult males is 60 percent water and 40 percent solids, while for females total body composition is 50 percent water and 50 percent solids

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T OR F. About 98 percent of the potassium content of the human body is in the ICF rather than the ECF

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Monitor blood osmotic concentration

Answer 19

Osmoreceptors

Question 20

Water gain equals water loss

Answer 20

Fluid balance

Question 21

Major components of EFC

Answer 21

Plasma, intestinal fluid

Question 22

Dominant cation in the ECF

Answer 22

Sodium

Question 23

Hormone that restricts water loss and stimulates thirst

Answer 23

ADH

Question 24

Caused by over hydration

Answer 24

Hyponatzemia

Question 25

Dominant cations in ICF

Answer 25

Potassium

Question 26

ICF and ECF

Answer 26

Fluid compartments

Question 27

Most important sites of sodium ion regulation

Answer 27

Kidneys

Question 28

Water movement between ECF AND ICF

Answer 28

Fluid shift

Question 29

Water moves from cells into ECF

Answer 29

Hypertonic blood plasma

Question 30

Result of aldosteronism

Answer 30

Hypokalemia

Question 31

Water loses greater than water gains

Answer 31

Dehydration

Question 32

Regulates sodium ion absorption along distal consulates tubule and collecting system

Answer 32

Aldosterone

Question 33

Nearly two thirds of the total body water content is

Answer 33

ICF

Question 34

Electrolyte balance involves balancing the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the

Answer 34

Kidneys and sweat glands

Question 35

If the ECF is hypertonic with respect to the ICF water will move

Answer 35

From cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is restored

Question 36

When pure water is consumed the ECF

Answer 36

Becomes hypotonic with respect to the ICF

Question 37

Physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance are mediated primarily by

Answer 37

All of the above

Question 38

When water is lost but electrolytes are retained the osmolarity of the ECF rises and osmosis then moves water

Answer 38

Out of the ICF and into the ECF

Question 39

T OR F. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, uterers, urniary bladder and urethra

Answer 39

False

Question 40

T OR F. The left kidney lies slightly superior to the right kidney

Answer 40

True

Question 41

T OR F. Most nephrons are cortical nephrons

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T OR F. Tubular fluid is no longer modified beyond the DCT

Answer 42

False

Question 43

T OR F. Contraction of the detrusor muscle moves urine along the uterers towards the urinary bladder

Answer 43

False

Question 44

T OR F. The process of urination is coordinated by the micturition relfex

Answer 44

True

Question 45

The basic functional unit of the kidney is the

Answer 45

Nephron

Question 46

When ADH levels increase

Answer 46

the amount of water reabsorbed increases

Question 47

Which of the following conditions would cause an increase in the glomecular filtration rate

Answer 47

constriction of the efferent arteriole

Question 48

Which of the following statements describes the action of aldosterone at the DCT

Answer 48

Sodium ions are reabsorbed in exchange for potassium ions by ion pump stimulated by aldosterone

Question 49

Water reabsorption occurs primarily along the

Answer 49

PCT and descending limb of the nephron loop

Question 50

In central regulation, GFR is coordinated by the

Answer 50

juxtamedullary complex

Question 51

Site of plasma filtration

Answer 51

renal corpuscle

Question 52

Glomecular epithelium

Answer 52

podocytes

Question 53

Protein free solution

Answer 53

Filtrate

Question 54

Opposes filtration

Answer 54

BCOP

Question 55

Countercurrent multiplication

Answer 55

Nephron loop

Question 56

Water channels

Answer 56

aquaporins

Question 57

Primary method for eliminating drugs or toxins

Answer 57

Secretin

Question 58

Stimulates ion pump

Answer 58

Aldosterone

Question 59

Primary site of nutrient reabsorption in the nephron

Answer 59

PCT

Question 60

Regulates passive reabsorption of water from the urine in the collecting system

Answer 60

ADH

Question 61

Pancreatic alpha-amylase substrate

Answer 61

Starch

Question 62

Retroperioneal organ

Answer 62

Pancreas

Question 63

Drains the liver and gallbladder

Answer 63

Common bile duct

Question 64

Bile secreting cells

Answer 64

Hepatocytes

Question 65

Viral infection of salivary glands

Answer 65

mumps

Question 66

Digestive epithelial damage by acids

Answer 66

peptic ulcer

Question 67

Process of breaking lipid droplets apart

Answer 67

emulisification

Question 68

Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down complex lipids

Answer 68

Pancreatic lipase

Question 69

Organ that secretes bile

Answer 69

Liver

Question 70

Antibacterial enzyme

Answer 70

lysozyme

Question 71

Greatest producer of saliva

Answer 71

submadibular glands

Question 72

Phagocytize and store iron

Answer 72

Kupfler cells

Question 73

Stores bile

Answer 73

Galbladder

Question 74

Cholecytisis

Answer 74

Gallstones