test 2 Flashcards by Julia Fiederlein

Blood to systemic arteries

aorta

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Muscular wall of the heart

myocardium

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Carries blood from coronary veins to right atrium

coronary sinus

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Depression in the intraarterial septum

fossa ovalis

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Right arterioventricular valve

tricuspid valve

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Alternate name for biscuspid valve

mitral valve

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Cardiac muscle fiber connections

intercalated discs

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Pericardium

Serous membrane

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Inner surface of the heart

Endocardium

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Semilunar valve

aortic valve

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Detect changes in pressure

baroreceptors

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Vasomotor center

medulla oblongata

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Aided by thoracic pressure changes due to breathing

Venous return

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Causes immediate local homeostatic responses

auto regulation

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Decreased tissue O2 and increased CO2

Local vasodilators

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Carotid bodies

Chemoreceptors

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Forces water into capillary

Osmotic pressure

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Opposite of smooth blood flow

Turbulence

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Resistance to flow

Viscosity

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Forces water out of capillary

Net hydrostatic pressure

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Peripheral vasodilaion

naturletic peptides

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Excess intrestitial fluid accumulation

Edema

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Homeostasis disturbed

Blood pressure and volume decrease

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Combined short term and long term effects

Increased Blood pressure

Increased blood volume

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Homeostasis restored

Blood pressure and volume increase

Keep hazardous organisms out of the body

Physical barriers

Are cells that engulf pathogens and cell debris

Phagocytes

The destruction of abnormal cells by NK cells in peripheral tissues

Immune survaillance

Are chemical messangers that coordinate the defences against viral infections

Inferneurons

Is a system of circulating proteins that assists antibodies

Complement system

Is a localized tissue-level response that tends to limit the spread of an injury or infection

Inflammation

Is an elevation of body temperature

Fever

Nk cells sensitive to the presence of abnormal plasma membranes are primarily involved in

Immune survaillance

The nonspecific defense that breaks down cells, attracts pagocytes, and stimulates inflammation is

the complement system

The proteins that interfere with the replication of viruses are

interferneurons

Circulating proteins that reset the thermostat in the hypothalamus causing a rise in the body temperature

pyrogens

The "first line of cellular defense"

Phagocytes

Two parallel pairs of polypeptide chains

antibody

Found on helper T cells

CD4 Markers

Active and passive

aquired immunity

Transfer of antibodies

Passive immunity

Attacked by HIV

Helper T cells

Enhances phagocytosis

Opsonization

MHC proteins present in plasma membranes of all APC and lymphocytes

Class II MHC

Differentiate into memory and plasma cells

B lymphocytes

Antibodies used to determine blood type

IgM

MHC proteins present in the membranes of all nucleated cells

Class I MHC

Secondary binding process required for T cell activation

Costimulation

Accounts for 80 percent of all immunoglobins

IgG

Circulating allergen stimulates mast cells throughout the body

anaphalyaxis

Try to replace before the immune system can mount a response

Viruses

Quickly recognize the virus as a foreign threat

Macrophages

Stimulated by the release of cytokines

NK cells

Y shaped proteins

helper T cells

Mature into plasma cells

B cells

The battle managers of the immune system

Antibodies

Wage chemical warfare

Cytotoxic T cells

Help the immune system gear down

Suppressor T cells

As the viruses are being defeated, the body creates

Memory T and B cells

Produce surfactant

Type II phemocytes

Windpipe

Trachea

Simple squamous epithelial cells

Type I phemocytes

Sympathetic activation

Bronchodilation

Supplies a pulmonary lobule

Terminal bronchiole

Parasympathetic activation

Bronchoconstriction

Start of respritory potrion

Respritory bronchiole

Gas exchange

Respritory membrane

Sound production at the larynx

Phonation

Chamber shared by respitorty and digestive systems

Pharynx

Surrounds and protects the glottis

larynx

Lethal inherited respritory disease

Cystic fibrosis

Lines the conducting portion of the respritory tract

Resperatory mucosa

Anterior surface of thyroid cartilage

Laryngeal prominence

Food in stomach. Release of _____

gastrin

Gastrin promotes _____

Acid production

Chyme in duodenum secretes

GIP, secretin and CCK, VIP

Secretin and CCK secrete

bile

What is bile secreted from

galbladder

Chyme in duodenum conveyed to ____

material in jejunum

GIP ______ gastric mobility

inhibits

GIP releases ____

insulin

Insulin facilitates ____

nutrient utilization by tissues

VIP causes dilation of ______

intestinal cavities