Final Flashcards
(92 cards)
Property
Machiavelli
People will be happy if they have stuff and aren’t oppressed, prince will be hated if he takes the property/women of his people
Hobbes on Property
people will be happy if they have stuff, but that requires a strong state (equal taxes, equal protection), property is subject to the sovereign, natural property (primogeniture) and assigned (randomly assigned)
Locke on Property
Labor Theory of Property (property comes from human labor), but people should only acquire to a reasonable extent
Rousseau on Property
: private property is the source of inequality
Imperialism in the 19th Century
-Colonies must be incorporated with the Colonial Power
This creates Industrialization
—-Integrates markets
—-drives empire
Underdevelopment is Result of Imperialism
——Colonies become source of material but that’s all what they do
——Have no improvement just constant providing to Colonial Power
Smith on Property
Wealth is measured by land /// tax property so it’s useful
Wollstonecraft on Property
Women can’t be virtuous because they can’t own their own property or labor
Hegel on Poverty
Hegel: If you want to alleviate poverty you can give it to them or you can give them work but then there will be over production…There is not big enough market – If there is overproduction you go international, if nobody wants your goods then you go to war with them /// Solution? = The State
Hegel on War
Agree with Malthus;Do not go against the state or it will turn to war
The state is the absolute power on earth
Liberalism (freedom)—————-
---- 3 types Classical Theories --Starts with Locke -Ends with Smith Economic Liberalism ---Leave markets alone --Starts with Smith --Ends with Malthus Utility / Politcal ---Act as peoples reps, achieve for majority --Starts with Bantham --Ends with Mill
Malthus on Property
law of diminishing return= The more you use land the more it takes to produce food Solution= Technology – Problem: The increases made of food would be canceled through rise of population
Ricardo on Property
: big disparity with Landlord – (Smith –big problem is merchant);
Ricardian idea of Rent = Landlords control rent;
Bentham on Gov.
Government = greatest good was done for the greatest number.
Maximize people’s happiness via punishments and rewards
Punish behavior that diminishes the greatest good and reward behavior that helps the greatest good
4 Roles Subsistence and Security vs Abundance and Equality --Felicific Calculus Maximizing Pleasure and minimizing pain
Rousseau on Poverty
Rousseau: Origin of inequality is Private Property and people who let this happen;General Will Solves inequality
Marx on Property
Private property should be abolished in favor of communal property;
Shouldn’t be an issue because 10% of the population only has private property because the other 90% doesn’t
Role of the state
Machiavelli:
“good laws and good arms,” good laws protect the people, good arms enforce the law.
Hobbes role of state
Hobbes: keep the people happy(with stuff)→ protect stuff→ strong state→ revenue from taxes(power)—-Where does the state derive its power? = Social Contract/Taxation
Locke role of state
Locke: protect individual property through laws
Rousseau State of Nature:
Perfect liberty; basically happy; never existed
“man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains,”
Rousseau on Role of State:
government= agent of the sovereig
General Will is Sovereign
—law is expression of General Will
–Each person becomes a legislator by participating in General Will
—Individuals are Subjects to obey the laws they created
–Everyone is law maker and law obeyer
–General Will is always right Because it is an expression of the truth
Hobbes State of Nature
People are bad - seeking power, desires, continuous war, fighting; right of nature= people are bad so you need to defend yourself, self-preservation Assumptions 1. State of Accumulating Power ------People want power 2. Fear of Death ---People fear death
Role of state Hobbes:
keep the people happy→ protect stuff→ strong state→ revenue from taxes
Where does the state derive its power? = Social Contract/Taxation
Role of state Locke
Locke: protect individual property through laws
Role of state Rousseau
: agent of the sovereign, enforce the laws decided by the general will, laws enshrine inequality because they protect some more than others—law is expression of General Will —General Will is always right because it is an expression of the truth