FINAL

Question 1

What are the 7 properties of life?

Answer 1

ability to reproduce
growth and development carried by genes
energy use
order/structure
consist of cell(s)
response to the environment
evolution

Question 2

List the levels of organization from atom to biosphere.

Answer 2

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 3

atom

Answer 3

the fundamental unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element capable of displaying the properties of that element. made up of subatomic particles.

Question 4

molecule

Answer 4

a group of atoms bonded together (ex: DNA)

Question 5

organelle

Answer 5

a component of the cell that performs a specific function (ex: the nucleus)

Question 6

cell

Answer 6

the fundamental unit of life. nothing smaller than a cell is capable of having all of life’s properties.

Question 7

tissue

Answer 7

an integrated group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function (ex: epithelial tissue)

Question 8

organ

Answer 8

consists of multiple tissues that cooperate to perform a specific task, like pumping blood

Question 9

organ system

Answer 9

a group of organs that work together to perform a vital function, like the circulatory system.

Question 10

organism

Answer 10

an individual living being

Question 11

population

Answer 11

a group of interacting indivs. of one species

Question 12

community

Answer 12

consists of all the interacting populations of organisms occupying the same ecosystem. Includes plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Question 13

ecosystem

Answer 13

incl. all the living organisms in one particular area as WELL AS the nonliving components that affect life, such as soil, air, and sunlight.

Question 14

T or F: An ecosystem does not include nonliving components.

Answer 14

FALSE

Question 15

steps of the scientific method

Answer 15

observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion

Question 16

control

Answer 16

the group that is used to establish a baseline for an experiment from which change is measured, for example, a standard recipe

Question 17

dependent variable

Answer 17

the response, output, or effect under investigation

Question 18

independent variable

Answer 18

what is being manipulated as a potential cause

Question 19

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A CONTROL, DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IN AN EXPERIMENT

Answer 19

.

Question 20

hypothesis

Answer 20

a proposed explanation for an observation. Must be testable.

Question 21

theory

Answer 21

a well-substantiated explanation that is much broader in scope than a hypothesis. Supported by a large and growing body of evidence and explains a number of observations.

Question 22

is a virus alive? why or why not?

Answer 22

no. it does not display all of the properties of life. It cannot reproduce, it is not composed of cells.

Question 23

main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 23

prokaryotic cells lack a membrane enclosed nucleus, are much smaller, older, and make up single-celled organisms only

Question 24

element

Answer 24

substances that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions. Elements make up all matter.

Question 25

what four elements make up 96% of the weight of living things?

Answer 25

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 26

what determines atomic number?

Answer 26

the number of protons

Question 27

isotope

Answer 27

atoms of an element that vary in the number of neutrons

Question 28

ion

Answer 28

atoms of an element that vary in the number of electrons

Question 29

atomic weight

Answer 29

corresponds to the number of protons plus neutrons averaged across all naturally occurring forms of the element

Question 30

solvent

Answer 30

the dissolving agent

Question 31

solute

Answer 31

what gets dissolved into solution

Question 32

what makes something an acid?

Answer 32

An acid is a chemical that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. pH between 0 and 7.

Question 33

the pH scale runs from ___ to ____.

Answer 33

0 to 14

Question 34

at what pH is a solution neutral?

Answer 34

7

Question 35

what makes something a base?

Answer 35

bases are chemicals that remove hydrgoen ions (H+) from solution by combining them with hydroxide ions (OH-) to form water molecules. have a pH from 7 to 14.

Question 36

Why does carbon readily form backbones of organic molecules?

Answer 36

unlike other elements, carbon can bond with up to four other atoms.

Question 37

four main categories of organic molecule

Answer 37

lipid, carbohydrate, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 38

main function of carbohydrates

Answer 38

made of one or more simple sugars, common sources of dietary energy for animals and a structural component of plants

Question 39

main function of lipids

Answer 39

all lipids are hydrophobic; can store energy, maintain cell fluidity, or help materials pass through the cell.

Question 40

main function of proteins

Answer 40

play specific roles in cells and in the body, such as those having to do with transport, antibiotic defense, muscle movement, enzymes, and structure (keratin)

Question 41

nucleic acids

Answer 41

molecules that serve as hereditary material or interpreters of hereditary material for cell function

Question 42

monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 42

monosachharides

Question 43

polymer of carbohydrates

Answer 43

polysaccharides

Question 44

monomer of lipids

Answer 44

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 45

polymer of lipids

Answer 45

triglyceride

Question 46

monomer of proteins

Answer 46

amino acids

Question 47

polymer of proteins

Answer 47

polypeptides

Question 48

how many kinds of amino acids are there?

Answer 48

20

Question 49

monosachharide

Answer 49

the building block of carbohydrates.

Question 50

give two examples of monosaccharides

Answer 50

glucose and frcutose

Question 51

isomers

Answer 51

molecules that have the same numbers and kinds of atoms but differ in the arrangement of atoms

Question 52

disaccharide

Answer 52

a double sugar formed by joining two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis reaction

Question 53

example of a disaccharide

Answer 53

when fructose and glucose react, sucrose is formed.

Question 54

what organic molecule is an enzyme?

Answer 54

proteins

Question 55

how do enzymes work and what do they do?

Answer 55

enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required without being changed itself. Almost no chemical reaction occurs without the help of an enzyme.

Question 56

what part of the enzyme binds to the substrate?

Answer 56

the active site

Question 57

what are the two nucleic acids?

Answer 57

RNA and DNA