Final

Question 1

If ozone layers in the atmosphere are depleted:

Answer 1

more UV wavelengths will reach the earth’s surface causing more cases of skin cancer

Question 2

in patterns of inheritance:

Answer 2

a carrier is heterozygous

Question 3

heterozygous means

Answer 3

the individual has inherited two different alleles

Question 4

homozygous means

Answer 4

the individual has inherited two of the same alleles

Question 5

dominant alleles

Answer 5

hide recessive alleles in the heterozygote

Question 6

with regard to the forces of evolutionary change:

Answer 6

evolutionary fitness is the reproductive success of the organism

Question 7

most biologists would agree that the most important metabolic pathway of living organisms is

Answer 7

photosynthesis

Question 8

scientists study the natural world using

Answer 8

the scientific method

Question 9

the steps of the scientific method are

Answer 9

observation, hypothesis, data collection, analysis and peer review and experiments and theories

Question 10

the cell membrane

Answer 10

separates each cell from its surroundings, has a phospholipid bilayer made up of heads and tails, has hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, and is described as a fluid mosaic

Question 11

organic molecules

Answer 11

include carbohydrates and monosaccharides

Question 12

water

Answer 12

regulates temperature, expands when it freezes, and participates in chemical reactions

Question 13

with regard to cellular respiration

Answer 13

cells use energy in food to make ATP

Question 14

cellular respiration includes three main processes

Answer 14

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain

Question 15

with regard to cellular energy

Answer 15

cells use energy in the form of kinetic energy, cells store energy in the form of potential energy, and energy is measured in calories and kilocalories

Question 16

substances may cross cellular membranes by means of

Answer 16

active transport, passive transport, simple diffusion, and facilitated diffusion

Question 17

some energy pathway that do not require oxygen include

Answer 17

anaerobic respiration

Question 18

the number of chromosomes found in humans is

Answer 18

46 or 23 pairs

Question 19

the enzyme that builds a short complementary piece of RNA at the start of each DNA segment to be replicated is

Answer 19

primase

Question 20

a discreet package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a

Answer 20

chromosome

Question 21

a cell with two full sets of chromosomes is a

Answer 21

diploid cell

Question 22

meiosis is a process used for

Answer 22

the production of gametes

Question 23

2n is an abbreviation for

Answer 23

diploid

Question 24

the human chromosomes that do not determine whether an individual is male or female are

Answer 24

autosomes

Question 25

if a person wanted to raise mules, this person would need to mate

Answer 25

a male donkey with a female horse

Question 26

with regard to the molding of evolution by natural selection

Answer 26

natural selection involves the evolution of populations not individuals, an example of natural selection is drug resistance, natural selection eliminates different phenotypes at different times, and natural selection does not have a goal

Question 27

recombinant chromosomes have a mix of paternal and maternal alleles due to

Answer 27

crossing over

Question 28

nondisjunction may cause

Answer 28

trisomy 21, turner syndrome, Jacobs syndrome, and klinefelter syndrome

Question 29

down syndrome

Answer 29

is caused by trisomy 21, results in heart defects, results in mental impairment, and has an increased risk of occurring that is associated with the age of the mother

Question 30

the DNA nitrogen bases that are pyrimidines are

Answer 30

thymine and cytosine

Question 31

the building block of nucleic acid is a

Answer 31

nucleotide

Question 32

pyrimidine bases have a _______ _______ structure

Answer 32

single, ring

Question 33

Purine bases have a _______ _______ structure

Answer 33

double, ring

Question 34

the genome of an organism is

Answer 34

all of its genetic material

Question 35

ribose and a sulfur containing group would not be found in

Answer 35

a molecule of DNA