Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ASDOH Medical MicroBio > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

where the virus causes the cell to proliferate in an uncontrolled manner.

A

Transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

usually an acute process where viral progeny are released by death (lysis) of the cell

A

Lytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the sense orientation of Virus Genetic code?

A

= same orientation as mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the anti-sense (-) orientation orientation of Virus Genetic code?

A

Opposite orientation as mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The virus attachment phase requires

A

spike proteins on the virus (or viral membrane) binding to specific receptors on the target cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The steps of a virus’s life cycle

A 
Attachment
Penetration
Uncoating 
Replication
Assembly
Release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

release of viral agent into the blood

A

viremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

almost exclusively infect plants

A

viroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

many infected individuals never show clinical signs or symptoms, with many if not most infections occurring ‘below the waterline.’

A

“Iceberg” concept of infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is/causes surface immunity

A

IgA is the major antibody active at mucosal surfaces and secretions within and outside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Several mechanisms appear to act in concert to prevent any destructive immune reactions to our food and yet protect us from GI pathogens.

A

Oral tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MALT

A

mammary associated lymphoid tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

BALT

A

bronchial associated lymphoid tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GALT

A

Gut associated lymphoid tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sIgA Functions

A

neutralize toxins and viruses at mucosal surfaces, and block colonization

decrease unwanted immune reactions to food

‘sticky’ and binds to mucus, Keeps it from being flushed out.

insensitive to acids and proteolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is sIgA bad at?

A

poor activator of complement (C’)

‘inconsistent opsonizer.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oral tolerance

A

Several mechanisms appear to act in

concert to prevent any destructive immune reactions to our food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anergy

A

immune unresponsiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe Poliovirus

A

positive-stranded RNA enterovirus

binds to and is replicated in the oropharynx and the GI mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Salk Polio vaccine

A

(non-infectious) induces great IgG protection, which neutralizes systemic viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sabin Polio vaccine

A

(infectious, attenuated) induces great sIgA protection, which neutralizes the virus before it even can start an infection

induces a very good surface sIgA response, as well as a good IgG response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Majority of Influenza viruses deaths come by?

A

Directly cause death through viral pneumonia, or more commonly weaken the innate immune system (e.g., breach in the barrier lung epithelial) leading to secondary bacterial pneumonias.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which family is the Influenza virus apart of?

A

members of the Orthomyxovirus family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Characteristics of influenza virus?

A

enveloped virus

segmented, [-]ssRNA genome, which has the ability to mutate frequently

must bring functional RNA-dependent RNA- polymerases into the host cell for replication to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Influenza N protein is called?
neuraminidase
26
Influenza H protein is called?
hemagglutinin
27
Where does Influenza Replicate?
in the nucleus of the cell
28
is the process in which two or more strains of a virus, while infecting the same cell, swab genetic material to form a new viral strain that combines the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of both.
Antigenic Shift
29
Flu Hemagglutinin protein Function
facilitate viral attachment and fusion with the cell membrane
30
Flue Nuraminidase protein function
helps viral release by cleaving neuraminic acid on the cell surface
31
Diagnosis of Influenza can be determined quickly by?
Influenza viruses agglutinate RBCs Hemagglutination inhibition assay is a fast easy way to determine if a patient has developed neutralizing antibodies to a certain influenza strain.
32
are chemically related antiviral drugs known as adamantanes with activity against influenza A viruses but not influenza B viruses
Amantadine and rimantadine
33
Mechanism of anti viral medication Amantadine and rimantadine?
act mainly by blocking uncoating and thus viral infection
34
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza) Mechanism of action?
inhibit neuraminidase and thus viral release. Active against flu A and B
35
Both HBV and HCV infections typically cause...
A mild acute disease, but can lead to carrier status, chronic liver damage, and liver carcinoma.
36
The non enveloped hepatitis viruses?
HAV, and HEV
37
The enveloped hepatitis viruses?
HBV, HCV, HDV
38
The Hardy hepatitis viruses and their mode of transmission...
Naked HAV, and HEV, transmission being fecal-oral
39
The unstable hepatitis viruses and their mode of transmission...
envelope HBV, HCV, and HDV cause them to be considerably less sturdy, transmission by direct exchange of bodily fluids
40
Which HXV vaccines are available?
Vaccines are available for H(A,B,D)V
41
HDV infection is dependent on
HBV for replication
42
Hepatitis virus relatively common in some ‘developing’ countries, where it takes a substantial toll among pregnant women (~10-30% fatality rate in their third trimester of pregnancy...
HEV
43
An oncovirus that can lead to T-cell tumors. Common in japan.
HTLV I
44
Lentivirus that impairs immunity
HIV, untreated leads to AIDS
45
Class of Retro Exogenus viruses that lead to odd foamy like vacuoles in the cytoplasm of cells.
Spumaviruses
46
Retroviruses that are incorporated into the human genome.
Endogenous viruses
47
Lentiviruses cause
slowdeveloping CNS and immunosuppressive diseases
48
HIV The gag genes code for...
structural proteins such as the nucleocapsid
49
HIV pol genes code for...
the enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, hich are responsible for replicating and integrating the viral genome
50
HIV env genes code for...
the two major proteins, GP41 and GP120, which both contribute to the viral spikes
51
HIV binds via GP120 specifically to____, and then to a _______________
``` CD4 chemokine receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) ```
52
The two enzymes that HIV carries with it...
Reverse Transcriptase Integrase: cuts the host DNA so the viral DNA can be inserted into it
53
Appears to make these individuals resistant to HIV infection, even after multiple exposures
mutated CCR5 that is used by HIV to bind/fuse with the host cell membranes
54
CCR5 has also been given the name
CD195
55
probably the most communicable human disease known
Measles. Measles, or Rubeola
56
describe a severe, multi-organ syndrome caused by vascular system damage (i.e., capillary blockage and leakage)
Hemorrhagic fevers
57
insect- and rodent-borne pathogens
arboviruses and roboviruses, respectively
58
What family does Zika virus belong to, what is it's vector, and what does it cause?
Flaviviruses mosquitoes encephalitis
59
What family does Chikangunya virus belong to what is it's vector, and what does it cause?
Flaviviruses mosquitoes encephalitis
60
A ROBO-Bunyavirus that causes hemoragic Fever.
Fanta Fever
61
Famous Filovirus that made the news a couple years ago.
Ebola
62
Two human diseases caused by Prions
Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
63
Three Animal animal diseases caused by Prions
Scrapie (sheep), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) (cattle) chronic wasting disease (deer and elk).

ASDOH Medical MicroBio (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions