The UN states that for policies to reflect womens’ needs & experiences, what percent of elected representatives would be women?
30-35
T or F: Riot Grrrls emerged as part of the third wave punk rock music scene
true
A dichotomy is: A dividing people, things, ideas, concepts into two mutually exclusive groups B a worldview C results in over and under valuing D both A and C
D both A and C
The establishment of transition housing and shelters for domestic violence were established in which feminist wave?
second
Who thought of the term “pleasure critique nexus”?
Gainer
Define the pleasure critique nexus
a space that is created for children to engage critically with media texts without sacrificing pleasure
What is hegemonic masculinity premised upon?
a white, able bodied, heterosexual male
why does hegemonic masculinity exist?
because masculinity is valued over femininity
what is an example of hegemonic masculinity
western culture values independence over dependence. Emotional strength versus weakness
What are the two different dichotomies of versions of femininity?
the ‘good’ girl versus the ‘bad’ girl (i.e., Lindsey Lohan; Miley Cyrus, Amanda Bynes, VS. Selena Gomez, Taylor Swift)
sexualized women versus non sexualized women (i.e. sex trade worker versus a day care worker)
What is hegemonic masculinity structured upon?
structured upon dichotomies; binary opposites. We tend to overvalue one half of a binary and undervalue the other.
the portrayal of black women through the use of controlling images is a way to make racism, sexism, poverty to appear _______ and _______
normal and natural
What is the basis of Hill Collins’ controlling images of black women?
sexuality; black women frequently portrayed as either asexual or hyper sexual
What are Hill Collins’ 5 types of controlling images of black women?
1 domestic image
2 black matriarch—the symbol of the black mother in the home
3 welfare mother; lazy woman who has too many children whom she cannot support
4 “lady”; worked hard, stayed in school, and achieved financial success
5 jezebel/whore
What is the APA task force?
the American Psychological Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls (2005): examined the sexualization of girls via media and other cultural messages, including the prevalence of these messages and their impact on girls and the role and impact of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status
In what year did The Supreme Court of Canada strike down Canada’s abortion law as unconstitutional? What was this decision called?
Morgentaler Decision
1988
Why was Canada’s anti-abortion law found to be unconstitutional?
The law is found to violate Section 7 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms because it infringes upon a woman’s right to “life, liberty, and security of person”
According to Patricia Hill Collins, what are two characteristics of any matrix of domination?
1) a particular arrangement of intersecting systems of oppression, e.g., race, SES, gender, sexuality, ethnicity and age; and 2) a particular organization of its domains of power, e.g., structural, disciplinary, hegemonic and interpersonal
What is the matrix of domination?
matrix of domination: The overall organization of hierarchical and hegemonic power relations for any society (not just in North America)
The matrix of domination comes from what school of feminist thought?
anti-racist feminist theory
When did anti-racist feminist theory begin
around 60s-70s in response to Civil Rights Movement
According to anti-racist feminist theory, what is the starting point of challenging oppression?
the starting point was challenging racism instead of challenging patriarchy
Who said “The master’s tools will never dismantle the master’s house”
Audre Lorde