FINAL Flashcards
(50 cards)
Have racial categorization been consistent through time?
No, this is a proof of social construction
What evidence is there that racism still exists in Canada?
Hate crime statistics in Canada (drop in 2009, upward trend since 2013) includes hate crimes that are racially driven (as well as religion/gender/ability/etc)
What are the three types of racism?
Individual racial prejudice/discrimination/violence, organized racism (KKK), institutional racism
What is identity?
the defining characteristic that makes something “what it is”; as a “thing” or a “process” (noun/verb)
What is social identity?
a signifier that distinguishes an individual based on a set of socially constructed characteristics
What is social categorization
grouping of individuals according to certain socio-cultural qualities
How are identities constructed?
Some identities are imposed on the individual by society or others in the community (socially-imposed) and there is the way the individual constructs and defines their own identity (self-identification)
How are the politics of identity constructed?
constructed through what we call bounded solidarity (solidarity within the group.. have to create boundary to reach solidarity)
What is intertextuality?
can think of the way in which certain identities (signifiers) are created in relation to other identities … identity does not necessarily exist in isolation
What is essentialism?
belief that any given identity can be defined by a set of essential characteristics or qualities that shape what that person/thing is
What is biological essentialism?
views identity as inherent characteristics of a body or a set of bodies … bodies have natural essences that define the core of who they are
- idea that material referent (body) determines the signifier (identity) … ( semiotics approach)
What is social constructivism?
rejects the notion of a natural essence of an identity, rather looks at the way identities are constructed in relation to the body but there is an arbitrariness of the ways that identities get associated with bodies
- the type of signifier (identity) that is fixed to a referent (the body) is a result of contested power relations … semiotics approach)
What is Sex?
(male/female), seen in biological attributes of sexual organs, sense of the body
biologically determined - is a binary
What is gender?
(masculine/ feminine) a binary, roles that one plays in society, HOWEVER, its a spectrum, many say are social construct.
Assumptions of gender and social norms?
- social norms within a society influence conceptions of “proper” gender relations
- women traditionally relegated to the ‘private sphere’ with men dominating the ‘public space’
What were the years in Canada that women gained the right to vote?
Manitoba, Alberta, Saskatchewan - 1916, Ontario & BC - 1917 (white). Federal elections in 1918. Other provinces in 1922, exception of Quebec in 1940
What/when was the first wave of feminism?
19th - early 10th century: right to vote
What/when was the second wave of feminism?
(1960-80), challenged gender norms of society, collectively to express their interests as a sex/gender, challenge women’s place in the home
What/when was the third wave of feminism?
(1990- 2000), third world feminism, women of colour speaking out about second wave topics
Geography as a masculinist discipline?
dominated by men, studies prior to 1960’s ignored questions of gender and women’s experiences
What percentage is UVics geography faculty of women?
38.5%, which is above the national average however, 0.08% is women of race
What is essentialism and gender identity?
belief that gender roles are “natural” (biologically - determined), essentializing gendered spaces (washrooms/ olympics)
What is De-jure?
legal system can be used to maintain gender rolls through law
What is De-facto?
illegal action, violence
