Final Flashcards
(334 cards)
Political violence
violence outside of state control that is politically motivated
ideational
having to do with ideas
revolution
public seizure of the state in order to overturn the existing government and regime
coup d’etat
a move in which military forces take control of the government by force
relative deprivation
model that predicts revolution when public expectations outpace the rate of domestic change
terrorism
the use of violence by nonstate actors against civilians in order to achieve a political goal
state-sponsored terrorism
terrorism supported directly by a state as an instrument of foreign policy
guerilla war
a conflict whereby nonstate combatants who largely abide by the rules of war target the state
nihilism
a belief that all institutions and values are essentially meaningless and that the only redeeming value is violence
integration
a process by which states pool their sovereignty, surrendering some individual powers in order to gain shared political, economic, or societal benefits
advanced democracy
a country with institutionalized democracy and a high level of economic development
modern
characterized as secular, rational, materialistic, technological, and bureaucratic, and placing a greater emphasis on individual freedom than in the past
postmodern
characterized by a set of values that center on “quality of life” considerations and give less attention to material gain
intergovernmental system
a system in which two or more countries cooperate on issues
supranational system
an intergovernmental system with its own sovereign powers over member states
postindustrialism
the shift during the last half century from an economy based primarily on industry and manufacturing to one in which the majority of people are employed in the service sector, which produces the bulk of profits
service sector
work that does not involve creating tangible goods
communism
1) a political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploitation, oppression, and, ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state; 2) a political ideology that advocates for such a system
base
the economic system of a society, made up of technology (the means of production) and class relations between people (the relations of production)
superstructure
all noneconomic institutions in a society (e.g., religion, culture, national identity); these ideas and values derive from the base and serve to legitimize the current system of exploitation
bourgeoisie
the property owning class
dialectical materialism
process of historical change that is not evolutionary but revolutionary; the existing base and superstructure (thesis) would come into conflict with new technological innovations, generating growing opposition to the existing order (antithesis) - this would culminate in revolution, overthrowing the old base and superstructure (synthesis)
proletariat
the working class
vanguard of the proletariat
Lenin’s argument that an elite communist party would have to carry out revolution, because as a result of false consciousness, historical conditions would not automatically lead to capitalism’s demise