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FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

Perseus grandpa

A

Acrisius

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2
Q

Perseus parents

A

Danae and Zeus

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3
Q

What Acrisius did

A

Prophecy that grandson would kill him
Locks Danae up in room
Zeus visits as golden rain
Baby cry - toss into box out to sea, not believing dad was Zeus

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4
Q

Who found Perseus?

A

Dictys

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5
Q

Perseus agreement

A

Bring Polydectes the head of Medusa as wedding gift

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6
Q

Perseus assistant

A

Athena

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7
Q

Perseus tokens

A

Winged shoes

  • kibisis (magic bag)
  • scimitar from Hermes
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8
Q

Why Athena

A

Medusa seduced by Poseidon

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9
Q

Name of old women

A

Graeae

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10
Q

Perseus girl

A

Andromeda
Daughter of Cepheus & Cassiopeia
Cassiopeia had said she was more beautiful than Poseidon’s daughters

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11
Q

Cleomedes

A

Guy who boxed and killed a ton of people

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12
Q

First king of Athens

A

Cecrops
Just means power
First to worship Zeus, build altars etc
Half human half serpent - from the earth

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13
Q

Erichthonius

A

Born from Hephaestus and Athena - ejaculate on leg, rub off and leave on ground
Ud capture

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14
Q

Erichtheus

A

Grandson of Erichthonius, fully human
Sacrificed daughter to protect Athens from Eleusinians
Killed by Poseidon for killing his son

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15
Q

Theseus

A

Son of Aegeus (sometimes version of Poseidon) and Aethra
Prophecy, gets drunk and has Theseus
Identity hidden
Lifts rock to find sword and sandals

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16
Q

Theseus 6 labors

A 
Club bearer Periphetes
Pine bender Sinis
Monster Sow from Phaea
Foot washing guy Sciron
Wrestler Cercyon
Psycho Procrustes *XENIA
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17
Q

Theseus and Minotaur

A

Minos king of Crete made treaty with Athens
7 boys and girls sent as tributes every 9 years
Theseus volunteered
Assisted by Ariadne - abandons her on Naxos
Returns to Athens but forgot to put white sail on ship for success
Aegeus kills himself jump into sea - Aegean Sea

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18
Q

Minotaur

A

*Minos prayed to Poseidon for bill to sacrifice
*Pasiphae lust for bull
*Daedalus made way for them to be together
Unnatural union created it
Held in *Knossos

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19
Q

Theseus as king

A

Paired with Heracles to defeat Amazons
Takes queen Antiope
Unifies Attica, region of Athens (synoecism)
Established Isthmian games

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20
Q

Theseus and …

A 
Pirithous
Fought *centaurs at his wedding
Abducted *Helen for Theseus
Abducted Persephone for Pirithous
Fastened to chairs for eternity
Theseus saved by Heracles
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21
Q

Daedalus and Icarus

A

From Athens
Exiled to Crete for killing nephew Perdicas (invented saw)
Wanted to leave, wouldn’t let him
Designed wings to fly
Golden mean: follow prudent council, know your place BUT
fortune favors the bold

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22
Q

Orpheus

A

From *Thrace
Son of Oeagrus OR *Apollo and the *Muse Calliope
Lover, not fighter
Married Naiad nymph Eurydice
Pathetic fallacy - human cared about by animals and world

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23
Q

Ophelia and Eurydice

A

Bitten by snake, dies
Goes to underworld, convinces Hades and Persephone by music
Can’t look back. Does

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24
Q

Orpheus death

A

Ciconian Women tear apart

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25
Orphic Cult
*Petelian Tablet - text of Orphic Cult “I am a child of Earth and of starry Heaven, yet my race is of Heaven” Mysticism - spark of divinity in us
26
Orphic Cosmogony
Chronos (time) and Ananke (necessity) first Then *Phanes (creator of everything - from egg) First ruler of universe Then Nyx (night) Then Ouranos, etc Zeus swallows Phanes, becomes 2nd creator, married Persephone and creates *Zagreus Titans kill him, heart placed in Semele- Dionysus, humans made from Titan ashes
27
Heracles
Son of Zeus and Alcmene Theban Archetype for hero Becomes immortal
28
Stepfather of Heracles
Amphitryon Exiled from Mycenae for killing brother Electryon - married his daughter Helped Theban king Creon defeat Teleboans
29
Heracles birth
``` Zeus visits Alcmaeon as husband Husband comes back Gives birth to twin step brothers Heracles *Iphicles ```
30
Birth cont.
Zeus - ruler over all around Hera hastened birth of *Eurystheus Zeus’s grandson in Mycenae - sends Herc on 12 labs Milky Way- trying to make Herc Immortal
31
Early childhood Herc
Kills 2 snakes send by Hera
32
Hercules upbringing
Amphitryon - chariot racing Autolycus - wrestling Eurytus - archery Linus - lyre
33
Herc early exploits
Mount Cithaeron lion King of Thespiae, Thepus, gives 50 daughters Later leads Theban army against Mynyans of Orchomenus - Creon gives him Megara
34
Herc and Megara
Hera drove him mad and convinced him they were enemies - killed them Purify through labors
35
The labors of purification for ...
Eurystheus (king of Mycenae)
36
2 types of labors
Peloponnesian and international
37
Peloponnesian labors
*Nemean Lion *Lernaean Hydra Cerynean Hind Erymanthian Boar *Augean Stables Stmphalian Birds
38
Nemean Lion
Hide can’t be pierced except by own claws | Provide cape
39
Hydra
Cut head, 2 grow back Iolaus (nephew) helped by torch Didn’t count cuz help
40
Augean Stables
Augeus (king of Elis), stables never cleaned Herc diverted 2 rivers to wash them out Offered money - didn’t count
41
Non Peloponnesian
``` Creatan Bull (Crete) Mates of Diomedes (Anatolia) Girdle of Hippolyta (North of Black Sea) Apples of the Hesperides (Hyperboria) *Cerberus (underworld; entrance at Tainaron, southern peninsula of Peloponnese)- brings to Eurystheus ```
42
Greek for labors
Athloi - Heracles associated with Panhellenic games - Olympic Games (Augean Stables) and Nemean Games (Lion) Athloi brings fame and respect
43
Like Heracles
Milo of Croton Greek wrestler, fashioned himself after Heracles Cow training regimen Death - split log, hands stuck, eaten by wolves
44
Heracles Death
Married to *Deianira - sister of Meleager (underworld) who offered her in marriage Had to wrestle river god Achelous On way back, had to cross river, helped by centaur Nessus Later, son Hyllus and daughter Macaria Later fell in love with princess Iole Killed her brother and instructed to serve queen Omphale for year Wife learns, uses blood love charm on cloak, clings to flesh and slowly eat him Son takes him to *Mt. Oeta
45
Author of Argonautica
Apollonius of Rhodes | Librarian of Library of Alexandria
46
Legend of Jason
Son of Aeson Step brother *Pelias seizes throne of Iolcus, Jason raised by Cheiron, centaur Jason loses sandal crossing a river helping Hera, legend!
47
Jason’s ship
*Argo Built by *Argus (help from Athena) Athena placed timber in hull from *Dodona (sanctuary sacred to Zeus) talks First significant sea-travel by ship in Greek myth
48
Notable Argonauts
Orpheus and Heracles
49
Argonauts
Joined for heroic arete (excellence) | Performed a series of parerga (additional labors) along way
50
Hypsipyle and Lemnian women
Lemnos Women didn’t worship Aprodite - made them stinky Husbands wouldn’t sleep with them took mistresses, wives killed them Jason has kid with Hypsipyl
51
Phineus and the *...
*Harpies (Zetes and Calais) Phineus - blind prophet cursed by gods Set food outside, Harpies at and pooped on it Z and C chased them off
52
Symplegades
``` Smash rocks “The smashers” Dove Euphemus fast runner Rocks stopped forever ```
53
Medea
Princess of Colchis Non Greek Granddaughter of Helios, niece of sorceress Circe Princess of Hecate (trained as a sorceress)
54
Jason at *Colchis
``` King *Aeetes agrees to give fleece if: *Fire breathing bulls *Army from the soil *Serpent protecting the tree J and M escape (Parerga side quests) Visit Circe Plantar - wandering rocks Scylla and Charybdis *Sirens - Orpheus drowns our Phaeaceans - nice non Greek people Talus - bronze robot of Crete - Medea severs his talus vein ```
55
J and M return
Medea kills Pelias by using daughters with rejuvenation plot Must leave Iolcus for Corinth Received by king Creon and daughter Glauce
56
After Jason and Medea
J seeks legit Greek marriage for power *Creon gives daughter *Glauce Wedding gift of crown/robe
57
Euripides Medea
Kill children - revenge on Jason? - prevent children from being persecuted by Corinthians? - prevent children from becoming like father? Summons serpent chariot of grandfather Crane lifts her up - deus ex machina Other adventures, returns to Colchis to rule (“Medes” and Persians Empire)
58
Themes of epic “Cycle”
Atē (rash action) of ruler that brings personal downfall Successor fights for rightful place Sense of fatalism - Oracles
59
Theban Cycle
Cadmus (founder of Thebes) Laius (king of Thebes and father of Oedipus) Oedipus and Jocasta (his mom-wife) Eteocles, Polynices, Antigone, and Ismene (the children of Oedipus)
60
Founding of Thebes
Zeus kidnaps Europa from Tyre | Brother Cadmus searches in Greece and founded Thebes
61
First atē
Laius (Cadmus great grandson) kidnapped the king Pelop’s son Chrysippus while in exile in Elis
62
Laius and ...
*Jocasta have child - but the prophecy! Child exposed by servant, but given to shepherd Shep gives him to Corinthian king Polybus and wife Merope Oedipus wants origins - Delphi Finds out prophecy Kills Laius on road to Thebes Met by regent (Creon*) and Jocasta - learns of Sphinx
63
Oedipus cont.
Needs truth Decrees that perpetrator of plague be cast out Anagnorisis (discovery) scene - blinds self O
64
Eteocles and Polynices
P marshals force from Argos along with Tydeua (Arcadia) including Adrastus, Capaneus, Hippomedon, Parthenopaeus, and Amphiaraus Brothers kill each other
65
Antigone
Daughter of Oedipus Ismene, sister, both helped dad in exile Commit lives to father Creon - Polynices traitor Antigone, engages to Haemon, needs to bury him Condemned to death inside cave Kills self, Haemon kills self. Creon repents too late
66
Mycenaean Cycle
``` Tantalus and Pelops Pelops and Hippodameia Atreus and Thyestes Agamemnon and Clytemnestra Orestes, Electra, and Clytemnestra ```
67
Mycenaean Cycle start
*Tantalus - attend pot luck with gods Kills son Pelops* and puts in stew Demeter has shoulder Poseidon gave son divine horses and taught him to chariot race
68
Mycenaean curse
Pelops races Oenamaeus (king of Elis) for Hippodameia’s hand in marriage Cursed by chariot assistant Myrtilus
69
Pelops + Hippodameia = ...
``` *Thyestes and Atreus Fight over kingdom Thyestes tricks Atreus out of ram (seduces his wife) Atreus regains throne and exiles bro Serves dinner, eat own sons ```
70
Atreus father of...
*Menelaus and Agamemnon
71
Thyestes father of...
*Aegisthus
72
Agamemnon atē
Sacrifice daughter Iphigeneia for fair winds, says marrying Achilles
73
Trojan Cycle
*Helen of Sparta - Daughter of Leda and Zeus (in form of swan)
74
Paris
``` Son of *Priam and Hecuba of Troy Prophecy - destruction of Troy Exposed Shepherd Returned for throne ```
75
Judgement of Paris
gods attend banquet for Peleus and Thetis Eris (Stife) uninvited - sends apple to “fairest” Hera, Athena, and Aprodite claim it Paris settles
76
Paris choices
Hera: king of Asia - Power* Athena: great warrior - Fame/Honor* Aphrodite: most beautiful woman alive (Helen) - Carnal Pleasures*
77
Rape of Helen
Menelaus asked all kings of Greece to swear oath to help if something happens to wife Helen All help, mission justified because Paris broke Xenia visiting Sparta
78
Trojan war: Greeks
*Agamemnon (Argos - de facto leader) *Menelaus (Sparta - husband of Helen) Diomedes (Argos) *Odysseus (Ithaca) Warriors: Ajax (Telamonian) *Patroclus *Achilles (son of Peleus and Thetis)
79
Trojan War: Trojans
Priam and wife Hecuba (king and queen) Paris *Hector and Andromache Aeneas (son of Anchises and Aprodite) and Sarpedon (son of Zeus)
80
Greek gods
(Zeus on side of sin Sarpedon) | Hera, Athena, Hermes, Hephaestus, Poseidon
81
Trojan gods
Aphrodite, Apollo, Artemis, Ares
82
Patroclus
Aristeia - must fight to prove excellence Achilles reluctantly gives him his own armor Unstoppable, until Hector mistakes him for Achilles and kills him Fight for body Hector takes armor as war prize (atē) Proudly carries armor into battle
83
Achilles Grief
Returns to battle All Trojans flee, leaving Hector Hector: agree to give body back Achilles: too different, can’t make agreement Achilles drags body around Troy for 3 days
84
Priam’s ransom for Hector
gods told him to just ask for his body Took him to Achilles tent Achilles said something deep
85
Trojan reinforcements
North- Amazons* (Penthesileia- fell in love with Achilles when stabbed) South- Ethiopians (Memnon from lost poem Aethiopis - equivalent to Achilles)
86
Who killed Achilles
Paris with help of Apollo
87
Odysseus books 1-4
Son *Telemachus and Mentor (Athena in disguise - mini nostos (son searching for father))
88
Book 5
Odysseus with *Calypso for 7 years Needs to return home near end of journey home Hermes sent by Zeus to order her to release him
89
Books 6-8
Odysseus among Phaeaceans - Nausicaa* and Alcinous Ships destroyed, washes up on Phaeacean shore, greeted by princess Nausicaa Receive him and he tells stories, give him ship
90
Book 9
Cicones: giants that attack O and men | Lotus Eaters: eat lotus that make them forget everything
91
More Book 9
*Cyclopes - Polyphemus Inhabitants don’t understand Xenia O wants Cyclops to know who he is - atē Cyclops curses him (son of Poseidon)
92
Circe
Sorceress Turns men into pigs Odysseus given herb (*moly) that makes him immune Circe falls in love, stays a year
93
Other dangers
Scylla and Charybdis Sirens Cattle of Helios
94
Calypso right before his return
Gives ship Assisted by Athena in arrival to Ithaca Disguised as beggar to see if wife faithful (Agamemnon)
95
O’s wife
*Penelope | Delays suitors by doing Laertes’s funeral shroud, undoes every night
96
Contest
O enters it, must string his bow and shoot arrow through 12 axes
97
Penelope and O reunite
Prove identity and loyalty by talking about bed | Recount tales
98
Book 24
Pretty awful book, bizarre imagery and poorly composed Pursued by suitor’s families Athena comes down and basically says, “don’t worry guys, everything is fine here”

Mythology (3 decks)

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