Final

Question 1

alpha radiation

Answer 1

charge +2 and 4 amu —- new element formed has mass no. lower by 4 and atomic no. lower by 2

Question 2

beta radiation

Answer 2

one additional p in the nuc. and at. no. incs. by 1 (mass doesn’t change

Question 3

y radn

Answer 3

no charge or mass

Question 4

positron emission

Answer 4

at. no. decs. by 1

Question 5

Group 1

Answer 5

alkali metals

Question 6

group 2

Answer 6

alkaline earth metals

Question 7

group 16

Answer 7

chalcogens

Question 8

group 17

Answer 8

halogens

Question 9

group 18

Answer 9

noble gases

Question 10

metals

Answer 10

conductor

Question 11

nonmentals

Answer 11

nonconductors

Question 12

metalloids

Answer 12

between metal/nonmental

Question 13

weighted average

Answer 13

(mass1 x abundance1) x (mass2 x abundance2) x (mass3 x abundance3)

Question 14

Avogadro’s number

Answer 14

6.022 x 10^23

Question 15

jj thompson

Answer 15

atoms made up of 3 subatomic particles

Question 16

robert Millikan

Answer 16

determined mass and charge of electron

Question 17

thomson’s plum-pudding model

Answer 17

electrons distributed throughtout diffuse, positively charged sphere

Question 18

Rutherfords

Answer 18

positively charged gold foil, some particles deflected, electrons negatively charged

Question 19

nuclear model of atom

Answer 19

central psoitively charged nuc. where nearly all mass is concentrated, and is comprised of positively charged ‘
s and neutral n’s around which negatively charged e’s circulate in nearly empty space

Question 20

isotope

Answer 20

atoms of an element containing same number of protons but diff number of neutrons

Question 21

intensive properties

Answer 21

independent of amount of substance present (density)

Question 22

extensive properties

Answer 22

dependent upon amount of substance (mass, length, volume)

Question 23

density

Answer 23

d=m/v

Question 24

two nonmetals form compound

Answer 24

1. first word is name of first element
2. change word ending of second word to -ide
3. use prefixes unless first element is mono

Question 25

Electronegativity

Answer 25

increases from left to right and decreases going down

Question 26

less than or equal to 0.4

Answer 26

nonpolar covalent

Question 27

0.4 - 2.0

Answer 27

polar covalent

Question 28

greater than or equal to 2.0

Answer 28

ionic

Question 29

formal charge

Answer 29

(number of valence e's) - [number of unshared e's + 1/2(number of e's in bonding pairs)]

Question 30

why do we need to draw the Lewis struc of a molecule before predicting its geometry

Answer 30

to determin how many lone pairs are on a central atom and where they are

Question 31

Explain why C-O bonds are more polar than H-S bonds

Answer 31

carbon and oxygen are more electronegative than hydrogen-sulfur (closer to F so more polar)

Question 32

electron affinity

Answer 32

typically increase with increasing atomic number, becomes more negative across a row hallogens have most EA noble gases have low EA bc stable

Question 33

Lattice energy

Answer 33

energy required to break up the lattice *smallest distance (size) = stronger LE

Question 34

attractions between molecules that hold them together, these forces are electrical in origin and result from the mutual attraction of unlike charges or the mutual repulsion of like charges

Answer 34

intermolecular forces

Question 35

hydrocarbons

Answer 35

organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen only

Question 36

alkenes

Answer 36

hydrocarbons with double bond C's (C=C)

Question 37

Alkynes

Answer 37

hydrocarbons with C to C triple bond

Question 38

alkanes

Answer 38

hydrocarbon with single bonds to carbon

Question 39

intermolecular force between atoms or nonpolar molecules caused by presence of temporary dipoles

Answer 39

london dispersion forces

Question 40

london dispersion forces

Answer 40

increase down table

Question 41

strength of dipole-dipole forces

Answer 41

increases going up table

Question 42

the result of electrical interactions between dipoles on neighboring molecules

Answer 42

dipole dipole forces

Question 43

as dipole force increases...

Answer 43

intermolecular forces increase

Question 44

as molar mass increases

Answer 44

boiling point increases (LDF increases)

Question 45

properties of water

Answer 45

1. b.p. of H2O elements 2. H2O has high delta H vaporization 3. density of ice less than density of liquid H2O

Question 46

attractive forces between ion and molecules

Answer 46

ion-dipole interactions

Question 47

as strength of intermolecular forces increase, viscosity increases

Answer 47

as temp increases, viscosity decreases (disrupting IMF)

Question 48

triple point

Answer 48

temp and pressure of all three phases coexist

Question 49

critical point

Answer 49

specific temp and pressure where liquid and gas phase have same density and are indistinguishable

Question 50

supercritical fluid

Answer 50

substance in state that is above temp and pressure of critical point