Final Flashcards
(156 cards)
What refers to a fetus with a significantly narrow diameter of the chest?
asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy
the most important determinant for fetal viability is:
pulmonary development
chest circumference measurements are made in the transverse plane at the level of the:
four chambers of the heart
which statement about fetal breathing is false?
A. fetal breathing is most prominent in the second and third trimesters
B. the mature fetus spends one third of its time breathing
C. breathing is present if the fetal chest or abdomen made seesaw movements for 20 seconds
D. breathing is absent if no fetal activity was noted during a 2-minute period
D
the average cardiac axis is:
45 degrees
common abnormalities associated with pulmonary hypoplasia include all except which of the following? A. renal agenesis B. premature rupture of membranes C. macrosomia D. posterior urethral valve syndrome
C
sonographic findings in cystic adenomatoid malformation include all except which of the following?
A. Cystic adenomatoid malformation may occur below the diaphragm
B. cystic adenomatoid malformation may present as an echogenic mass in type III
C. cystic adenomatoid malformation may present as large cysts in type I
D. cystic adenomatoid malformation is associated with polyhydramnios
A
the hernia that occurs anteriorly and medially in the diaphragm is known as:
foramen of Morgagni
the most common lung cyst detected prenatally is:
bronchogenic cyst
the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia depends on:
when it occurred during pregnancy
the supernumerary lobe of the lung is called:
pulmonary sequestration
normal sonographic appearance of the fetal chest included all except which of the following?
A. ribs form the lateral margin of the chest
B. clavicles form the upper margin of the chest
C. lungs serve as the medial borders for the heart
D. symmetric bell-shaped thoracic cavity
C
the normal fetal lungs appear on ultrasound as:
homogeneous with moderate echogenicity
which of the following statements about the fetal thorax is false?
A. the majority of the heart is positioned in the midline and left chest
B. the apex of the heart should be directed toward the spleen
C. the central portion of the thorax is occupied by the heart
D. the base of the heart lies horizontal to the diaphragm
C
when fetal pleural effusion is encountered, a careful search of the _______ should be attempted
diaphragm
sonographic findings in sequestration include all except which of the following?
A.sequestration presents as an echogenic mass resembling lung tissue
B. sequestration is seen with normal intraabdominal anatomy
C. sequestration commonly occurs below the diaphragm
D, sequestration is associated with hydrops
C
congenital bronchial atresia is found most commonly in the:
left upper lobe
the most common type of diaphragmatic hernia occurs:
posteriorly and laterally
herniation through the foramen of Bochdalek usually is found on this portion of the diaphragm
left
which of the following does not describe sonographic features of a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia? A. the liver is seen in the chest B. a collapsed bowel may be present C. the stomach lies superior to the diaphragm D. the heart is deviated far to the left
C
at birth, the mortality rate for diaphragmatic hernia is:
high
the presence of a pleural effusion may cause:
a shift in mediastinal structures
the rupture of the amnion that leads to entrapment or entangelement of the fetal parts by the “sticky” chorion is called:
amniotic band syndrome
a defect in the lower abdominal wall and anterior wall of the urinary bladder is:
bladder exstrophy