OB Final Images

Question 1

Answer 1

Boy! “Turtle sign”

Question 2

Answer 2

Long kidney. (c)=renal cortex, arrowhead=pelvis, (p)=pyramids, (r)=rib

Question 3

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

What are the markers measuring?

Answer 4

Anterior posterior diameter of the renal pelvis

Question 5

Answer 5

keyhole bladder; enlarged bladder and urethra

Question 6

Answer 6

Keyhole bladder; posterior urethral valve obstruction

Question 7

Answer 7

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. A, Kidneys are enlarged with increased echogenicity

Question 7

Answer 7

Unilateral multicystic kidney (arrows). Note the varying sizes of the cysts (c) and the normal contralateral kidney (k).

Question 8

Answer 8

Unilateral dysplastic multicystic kidney (arrows). The contralateral kidney appear normal

Question 9

Answer 9

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 10

Answer 10

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 11

Answer 11

Keyhole bladder, dilated ureters

Question 12

Answer 12

Unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction showing collection of urine within the renal pelvis, communicating with the renal calyces

Question 13

Answer 13

Measurement of the renal pelvic diameter is measured in the A-P direction (cursors).

Question 14

Answer 14

Massively dilated renal pelvis (kidney) shown in a transverse plane

Question 15

Answer 15

renal cyst ruptured, with only a small, upper-pole cyst (calipers) evident. A urinoma was suspected

Question 16

Answer 16

Bilateral megaureters (hydroureters) (h) noted in an axial pelvic view. Partial blockage to the posterior urethra was found after birth

Question 17

Answer 17

Posterior urethral valve syndrome, showing abnormally distended bladder with a keyhole urethra

Question 18

Answer 18

thanatophoric dysplasia; right arm demonstrates micromelia

Question 19

Answer 19

thanatophoric dysplasia; note the narrow thorax

Question 20

Answer 20

Achondrogenesis

Question 21

Answer 21

Achondrogenesis

Question 22

Answer 22

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type II), small thoracic cavity (arrows) is shown. ABD=abdomen

Question 23

Answer 23

Osteogenesis imperfecta; femoral fracture is shown (arrow)

Question 24

Answer 24

Osteogenesis imperfecta; hypomineralization of the skull is evident.

Question 25

Answer 25

Diastrophic Dysplasia; micromelia is demonstrated in this femur measurement

Question 26

Answer 26

Camptomelic Dysplasia; bowing of the femur

Question 27

Answer 27

Camptomelic Dysplasia; bowing of the tibia

Question 28

Answer 28

Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndrome

Question 29

Answer 29

Caudal Regression Syndrome/Sirenomelia

Question 30

Answer 30

Postural Anomalies--Pena-Shokeir Syndrome

Question 31

Answer 31

Limb anomaly--polydactyly

Question 32

Answer 32

Polydactyly

Question 33

Answer 33

Talipes

Question 34

Answer 34

Omphalocele; arrows show the covering membrane projecting from the umbilical area

Question 35

Answer 35

Gastroschisis

Question 36

Answer 36

Abdominal ascites surrounding the small bowel (Sm); heart (h); liver (L); spine (S)

Question 37

Answer 37

Gallbladder showing gallstones in the neonate

Question 38

Answer 38

Meconium accumulates in the fetal bowel and is seen sonographically as echogenic reflections (notice shadowing) within the peristaltic small bowel

Question 39

Answer 39

Fetal ascites (as) surrounds the umbilical vein (uv). Liver (l)

Question 40

Answer 40

Ascites (as) completely surrounds the liver (L) and falciform ligament (FL). B, Bowel

Question 41

Answer 41

Fetal heart and foramen ovale. The left atrial cavity is generally about the same size as the right atrial cavity. In utero the foramen opens toward the left atrium

Question 42

Answer 42

Three of the four pulmonary veins (PV) enter the left atrial cavity

Question 43

Answer 43

LVOT, aorta

Question 44

Answer 44

LVOT

Question 45

Answer 45

RVOT

Question 46

Answer 46

Ductal Arch view

Question 47

Answer 47

Umbilical cord as it exits placenta surface

Question 48

Answer 48

Umbilical cord as it exits placenta surface

Question 49

Answer 49

Omphalomesenteric Cyst

Question 49

Answer 49

Umbilical cord knots

Question 50

Answer 50

Nuchal Cord

Question 51

Answer 51

Single Umbilical Artery

Question 52

Answer 52

Amniotic Fluid mixed w/ partical matter or vernix

Question 53

Answer 53

Amniotic Fluid mixed w/ particla matter or vernix

Question 54

Answer 54

Premature rupture of membranes with oligohydramnios. s=spine

Question 55

Answer 55

Amniotic Band Syndrome. Entanglement of the bands around soft tissue is usually seen as an indentation of the soft tissue surrounded by edema

Question 56

Answer 56

Amniotic Sheets and Synechiae (arrow)

Question 57

Answer 57

Thanatophoric dysplasia with a clover-leaf skull or Kleeblattschädel

Question 58

Answer 58

Sagittal view of a fetus with premature closure of the metopic suture, which elongated and flattened the fetal forehead

Question 59

Answer 59

Abnormalities of the facial profile--A fetus affected by familial midface hypoplasia

Question 60

Answer 60

Abnormalities of the facial profile--A fetus with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome )

Question 61

Answer 61

Abnormalities of the facial profile--mild frontal bossing

Question 62

Answer 62

Abnormalities of the facial profile--Absent nasal bone

Question 63

Answer 63

Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome

Question 64

Answer 64

Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome

Question 65

Answer 65

micrognathia

Question 66

Answer 66

Cyclopia with a small proboscis

Question 67

Answer 67

Cystic Hygroma

Question 68

Answer 68

Large cystic hygroma

Question 69

Answer 69

Anencephaly

Question 70

Answer 70

Anencephaly

Question 71

Answer 71

Acrania

Question 72

Answer 72

Cephalocele

Question 73

Answer 73

Spina bifida w/meningocele

Question 74

Answer 74

Spina bifida w/meningomyelocele

Question 75

Answer 75

Spina bifida w/myeloschisis

Question 76

Answer 76

Meningomyelocele with the spinal splaying appearing as a V

Question 77

Answer 77

Meningomyelocele identified in a fetus; note the neural elements protruding into the sac

Question 78

Answer 78

Spina bifida with a U-shaped configuration and an open cleft in the skin

Question 79

Answer 79

Abnormally shaped cerebellum “banana sign" Note the lemon-shaped frontal bones consistent with frontal bossing

Question 80

Answer 80

Dandy-Walker cyst. Note the splayed cerebellar hemispheres

Question 81

Answer 81

Dandy-Walker malformation (A) and ventriculomegaly

Question 82

Answer 82

semilobar holoprosencephaly

Question 83

Answer 83

Facial features of holoprosencephaly

Question 84

Answer 84

Trisomy 18=Edwards Syndrome; note the bilateral choroid plexus cysts

Question 85

Answer 85

A porencephalic cyst identified communicating with the lateral ventricle

Question 86

Answer 86

Multiple arachnoid cysts

Question 87

Answer 87

Holoprosencephaly w/ massive collection of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 88

Answer 88

Ventriculomegaly

Question 89

Answer 89

Ventriculomegaly caused by spina bifida. The anterior choroid plexus “dangles” into the posterior ventricle

Question 90

Answer 90

Longitudinal scan of the diaphragm as it separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavities

Question 91

Answer 91

Fetal chest and abdomen shows the homogeneous, moderately echogenic texture of the lungs. Lu=lungs; L=liver; d=diaphragm; h=heart

Question 92

Answer 92

Bronchogenic cyst

Question 93

Answer 93

Bronchogenic cyst

Question 94

Answer 94

Hydrothorax

Question 95

Answer 95

Bilateral pleural effusion

Question 96

Answer 96

Bilateral pleural effusion

Question 97

Answer 97

Extralobar sequestration

Question 98

Answer 98

Extralobar/pulmonary sequestration

Question 99

Answer 99

Cystic adenomatoid malformation

Question 100

Answer 100

Type I cystic adenomatoid malformation: one or more large cysts

Question 101

Answer 101

Type II: multiple cystic areas under 1 cm in size.

Question 102

Answer 102

Cystic adenomatoid malformation type III: bulky large, noncystic lesions appear as echodense masses

Question 103

Answer 103

Diaphragmatic hernia

Question 104

Answer 104

Diaphragmatic left-sided hernia

Question 105

Answer 105

Longitudinal scan of the right-sided diaphragmatic hernia; the liver (L) is seen in the thoracic cavity

Question 106

Answer 106

Velamentous placenta; If the membranes cross the internal os it is known as vasa previa

Question 107

Answer 107

Subchorionic cyst w/ internal echoes, representative of blood flow (f); Amniotic fluid (A); placenta (p)

Question 108

Answer 108

Transverse image of the placenta as it lies along the anterior uterine wall. Sonolucencies are seen representing placental lakes (arrows).

Question 109

Answer 109

Vasa Previa--succenturiate lobe anterior (arrow) and main placenta posterior (currved arrow)

Question 110

Answer 110

Vasa Previa--Transvag image reveals fetal vessal (arrow) crossing the cervical os.

Question 111

Answer 111

Placenta accreta, increta and percreta--Sonographically, the hypoechoic myometrium will appear thinned or absent with adjacent, irregular sonolucencies in the placenta

Question 112

Answer 112

Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta--placenta and bladder. Arrows showing hypoechoic vascular lacunae; curved arrow is pointing at loss of subplacental hypoechoic zone

Question 113

Answer 113

Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta--color Doppler shows vessels in the thinned subplacental zone (curved arrow)

Question 114

Answer 114

Succenturiate placenta

Question 115

Answer 115

Circummarginate Placenta

Question 116

Answer 116

Ultrasound showing an abruption. Arrows point to the echolucent collection of blood lateral to the edge of the placenta. P, Placenta

Question 117

Answer 117

Retroplacenta abruption--Hematoma seen separating the placenta (arrow) from the uterine wall (curved arrow)

Question 118

Answer 118

Marginal Abruption; subchorionic bleed can be seen arising from the edge of the placenta (arrow)

Question 119

Answer 119

Hydatidiform mole

Question 120

Answer 120

Partial mole

Question 121

Answer 121

Chorioangioma

Question 122

Answer 122

Chorioangioma