Final Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
Why do children with visual impairments often have delayed language?
They focus more on hearing and touch abilities than on language.
It is more difficult for them to be included in conversations because of their poor eye contact.
It is more difficult for them to grasp associations between people and objects.
It is more difficult for them to explore objects and attach names to them.
A
It is more difficult for them to grasp associations between people and objects.
2
Q
Which statement reflects the interaction of vision on basic infant behaviors such as smiling, vocalizing, and cuddling?
- Infants who have visual impairments do not respond to caregiver’s responses as easily as do sighted children.
- Infants with visual impairments engage in fewer facial expressions than sighted infants, but they cuddle similarly.
- These behaviors depend on vision; infants with vision impairments do not smile, cuddle, or vocalize as often.
- Vision is not required for these behaviors or for them to perceive the responses.
A
Vision is not required for these behaviors or for them to perceive the responses.
3
Q
Which of the following professionals are specifically trained to instruct people with blindness/visual impairment in compensatory skills and training including independent living, vocation, and education including reading Braille?
Certified vision rehabilitation therapists
Orientation and mobility specialists
Orientation and mobility specialists
Occupational therapists
Behavioral optometrists
A
Certified vision rehabilitation therapistsOrientation and mobility specialists
4
Q
What percentage of children with developmental disabilities also have significant ocular disorder or visual impairment?
75%
25%
100%
50%
A
50%
5
Q
Cody is a 19-month-old child with significant visual impairment participating in an early intervention playgroup. Which of the following developmental play activities would be most beneficial and accessible for Cody in a playgroup?
Participating in a puppet theater
Learning to play an instrument
Listening to a story read by a teacher
Playing in a sand/water table
A
Playing in a sand/water table
6
Q
Which postural and motor characteristics are often found in children with visual impairments?
Small base of support when standing
Overuse of trunk rotation with movements
Head movements (swaying)
High muscle tone and rigidity
A
Head movements (swaying) ?
7
Q
What is considered normal visual acuity?
50/50
20/100
30/30
20/20
A
20/20
8
Q
Which of the following behaviors is not typically observed in an adolescent with visual impairments?
Which of the following behaviors is not typically observed in an adolescent with visual impairments?
Blinking, rubbing, or rolling the eyes
Standing in the personal space of others
Making too much eye contact with the person who is speaking
Rocking the body
A
Making too much eye contact with the person who is speaking
9
Q
Which of the following early developmental activities is NOT related to vision?
Interacting and communicating with caregivers
Learning about the properties of objects
Suck, swallow, and breathe
Exploring the environment and negotiating space
A
Suck, swallow, and breathe
10
Q
What did Mindell and DeMarco (1997) find helped blind children sleep better through the night?
- Rocking infant to sleep
- Background noise in bedroom
- Warm milk before bedtime
- Less parental attention and talking
A
Less parental attention and talking
11
Q
Why might an infant born at 25 weeks’ gestation be at high risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?
The eyelids are no longer fused, and a mature visual response emerges.
The visual evoked response is similar to that of a full-term infant.
The visual cortex is fully mature, but the retina may be damaged at birth.
The retina and visual cortex undergo further maturation during the last trimester of pregnancy.
A
The retina and visual cortex undergo further maturation during the last trimester of pregnancy.
12
Q
Which statement is true regarding children who have visual impairments?
- They are advanced at performing gross motor skills.
- Degree of vision loss does not change findings.
- They demonstrate delayed achievement of crawling and walking.
- They experience movement in the same way as other children.
A
They demonstrate delayed achievement of crawling and walking.
13
Q
Which of the following professionals can assess and treat oculomotor of eye alignment difficulties?
- Orientation and mobility specialists
- Occupational therapists
- Certified vision rehabilitation therapists
- Behavioral optometrists
A
Behavioral optometrists
14
Q
What is the name of the technique in which the child with visual impairment takes a person’s arm and walks a half step behind?
- Mobility training
- Trailing
- Sighted guide technique
- Protective techniques
A
Sighted guide technique
15
Q
Which strategy is least effective and therefore not recommended by therapists to help children with visual impairments play with others?
- Facilitation through physical, tactile, and verbal cues to keep up with changes in play
- Use of auditory means to understand the play situation
- Adult one-on-one intervention during all play scenarios
- Typical peer partnerships to facilitate play participation
A
-Adult one-on-one intervention during all play scenarios
16
Q
In 1997, IDEA was reauthorized and amended. Which of the following are now legal mandates?
- Annual student goals are now prescribed by the law.
- Schools are responsible for implementing all needed transition-related services.
- Students with disabilities must participate in district and statewide school accountability efforts.
- Students receiving special education participate in a combined education program with other disabled students.
A
Students with disabilities must participate in district and statewide school accountability efforts.
17
Q
Until what age are students eligible for transition services?
- 22 years
- 14 years
- 18 years
- 16 years
A
22 years
18
Q
IDEA requires educationally relevant evaluations to be conducted by members of the IEP team. What would the occupational therapist bring to the evaluation process for a 16-year-old student who is eligible for special education and who is a quadriplegic as a result of a spinal cord injury at the age of 9?
- Needed curriculum modifications
- A list of interventions that have worked for the student in the past
- The student’s current level of participation in available education activities
- Strength and endurance evaluation
A
The student’s current level of participation in available education activities
19
Q
Special education and services have been made available through the public education system to children and youth who have disabilities since passage of Public Law 94-142 the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (EHA), currently known as IDEA. How is occupational therapy described in the EHA and its subsequent amendments?
- Direct service
- Transition service
- Related service
- Supportive service
A
Related service
20
Q
James sustained a severe head injury when he was 13. At 18 he is participating in a transition program at his high school. He has applied for a courtesy clerk position at a major grocery store. He has completed an application and an interview. The prospective employer is uncertain about having an employee with a disability. The occupational therapist on the team who knows James and the demands of the job decides to discuss the nature of brain injury and supported employment with the owner. What kind of occupational therapy intervention is this?
- Direct service
- Education
- Consultation
- Monitoring
A
Education
21
Q
Cassie is an 18-year-old student with cerebral palsy who participates in a transition program. Before services, the education team completes an evaluation. Team members observe Cassie’s performance during activities in selected environments. Based on careful observation, the activity demands and Cassie’s ability to perform in each environment are noted. What kind of evaluation would you call this?
- Discrepancy analysis
- Transition evaluation
- Outcome assessment
- Assistive technology assessment
A
Discrepancy analysis
22
Q
Ian is a 17-year-old with cerebral palsy who uses a manual wheelchair that is pushed by others. He is sociable, and he likes to talk, although it costs him some effort. As the occupational therapist, you carry out an ecological assessment in the domestic domain. You consider it important to note on the assessment form that Ian and his mother communicate quite effectively during meal preparation through the mother’s use of “yes” and “no” type of questions, to which Ian responds. How would you document this observation using an ecological assessment form?
- As an activity
- As an interest
- As performance
- As a deficit
A
As performance
23
Q
What does the term related services not include?
- Counseling
- Transportation
- Vocational rehabilitation
- Recreation
A
Vocational rehabilitation
24
Q
Which statement is true regarding youth with disabilities (according to National Longitudinal Transition Study 2) and postsecondary education?
A
They may not consider themselves disabled by the time they enter postsecondary settings.
25
There are many benefits associated with interagency linkages during the transition process for students with disabilities. Which of the following is true of interagency linkages?
- Interagency linkages have not yet become a part of the law.
- Schools direct and control transition services and receive cooperation from other agencies.
- Interagency linkages can include shared financial responsibility for a student's transition services.
- It is mandatory to state the interagency responsibilities and commitments in the IEP.
Interagency linkages can include shared financial responsibility for a student's transition services.
26
Occupational therapists help to uphold the intent of IDEA. Which of the following represents optimal practice that is consistent with IDEA's intent?
1) Occupational therapy evaluation identifies a student's transition-related deficits.
2) Occupational therapists collaborate with special education teachers only.
3) Occupational therapists support special education students as they work to meet all general curriculum standards.
4) Occupational therapists enable students with and without disabilities to be educated together.
4)Occupational therapists enable students with and without disabilities to be educated together.
27
In what way did the 1997 amendments affect school-based occupational therapy services?
- General education teachers are now the teachers of all children.
- Special educators are no longer needed.
- Students with disabilities participate in the special education curriculum only.
- Special education students spend all of their school time attending general classes.
General education teachers are now the teachers of all children.
28
Difficulties with eating, sleeping, playing, repetitive or difficult behaviors, and paying attention may all be caused in part because of which of the following?
- Imitation deficits
- Lack of motivation for mastery
- Cognitive delays
- Sensory processing challenges
Sensory processing challenges
29
Occupational therapists always use standardized assessments with children with ASD.
True
False
False
30
Primary occupational performance deficits include:
- Difficulties with play
- Delayed development of ADLs
- All of the above
- Limited social participation
All of the above
31
One of the most commonly used interventions for children with ASD, widely accepted as being evidenced based, is applied behavioral analysis.
True
False
True
32
Principles of family centered care consist of:
- Goal-based intervention
- Expert communication
- Interdisciplinary teaming
- Collaboration and family choice
- Collaboration and family choice
33
Why is it important to share information with the family about why you are asking certain things as you evaluate the child?
- It helps them to understand the role of occupational therapy.
- It communicates your level of expertise to the family.
- It allows them to understand your point of view.
- It establishes your goals with the family up front.
- It helps them to understand the role of occupational therapy.
34
Which of the following is a key new feature of the diagnosis of ASD according to the DSM V?
- Delayed motor development
- Repetitive behaviors
- Social isolation
- Unusual responses to sensation
Unusual responses to sensation
35
Social stories are written to generate __ about an event through __, rather than specifically alter behavior.
- Conversation, questioning
- Compliance, rules
- Understanding, description
- Fear, depiction
Understanding, description
36
Which of the following adaptations may allow a child with ASD to perform better during evaluation with standardized assessment?
- Requiring eye contact with the examiner
- Allowing the parent to help the child with items
- Alternating order of preferred and non-preferred items
- Moving quickly through the assessment without breaks
-Alternating order of preferred and non-preferred items
37
Which of the following supports might an occupational therapist suggest for a young child struggling with transitions from the classroom to the lunchroom at school?
- A reward with preferred food upon entering the lunchroom successfully
- A favorite toy to carry to the lunchroom
- A visual or picture schedule on the desk and reminders of upcoming transition time
- A peer buddy to encourage and walk with the child to lunch
- All of the above
All of the above
38
Which of the following is a common issue experienced by families of children with ASD?
- Financial limitations
- Difficulty obtaining early diagnosis
- All of the above
- Difficulty accessing needed services
- Social isolation
All of the above
39
Primary occupational performance deficits include:
- All of the above
- Difficulties with play
- Delayed development of ADLs
- Limited social participation
-All of the above
40
An important issue to make sure to specifically ask families about when evaluating a child with autism includes:
- The child's language ability
- Safety and escapism
- The child's IQ
- Nutrition and dietary needs
-Safety and escapism
41
For a child with sensory defensiveness and limited diet, which of the following foods might be best tolerated because of its sensory properties?
- Raisins
- Soup with noodles
- Mashed potatoes
- Yogurt with little pieces of different kinds of fruit in it
Raisins
42
Positive reinforcement:
- Is the removal of something unpleasant
- Makes the behavior more likely to occur
- Is minimally effective in changing behavior
- Occurs in some settings or situations and not others
-Makes the behavior more likely to occur
43
The CO-OP approach stresses:
- Imitation and non-verbal communication
- Mastering specific skills that have been chosen by the child
- Limited use of problem-solving skills
- Use of limited feedback during performance
Mastering specific skills that have been chosen by the child
44
Which statement best reflects why children with cerebral palsy may have speech and language problems?
- Lesions affecting frontal lobe
- Lesions affecting primary motor and temporal lobe
- Hemiplegia affecting one side of the body
- Low intelligence owing to cerebral palsy
-Lesions affecting primary motor and temporal lobe
45
Which type of medical intervention (medication) is used to reduce spasticity through an injection directly into the muscle?
- Ativan
- Botox
- Phenol
- Baclofen
Botox
46
Which postural reflex realigns the head with the body?
- Equilibrium
- Righting
- Protective extension
- Primitive reflexes
-Righting
47
What is not considered an essential feature of constraint induced movement therapy for children with cerebral palsy?
- Unaffected extremity is constrained
- Three children per group
- Shaping of more complex motor acts
- Intensive, repetitive practice
-Three children per group
48
Which of the following is a common compensatory strategy used by children with cerebral palsy while reaching and grasping?
- Wrist extension with forearm supination
- Use of isolated finger and hand movement (fingers move while forearm remains still)
- Shoulder external rotation with shoulder adduction, elbow flexion, and forearm supination
- Excessive trunk movements including trunk extension and lateral flexion
-Excessive trunk movements including trunk extension and lateral flexion
49
What type of movement would you expect to see upon observation of a 4-year-old girl with athetoid type cerebral palsy (CP)?
- Movement only to midranges
- Large sudden fluctuations, "jerky" movements with poor midrange control
- Very hypertonic, high risk for contractures
- Intention tremors, trouble with stabilizing proximal joints, significant balance issues
-Large sudden fluctuations, "jerky" movements with poor midrange control
50
Which statement is true regarding the incidence of cerebral palsy?
- 1 in 2000 births
- 1 in 500 births
- 2 in 100 births
- Rare and infrequent
1 in 500 births
51
Which approach has the most evidence to support its use in occupational therapy for children with cerebral palsy?
- Motor control
- Biomechanical
- Neurosensorimotor reflex integ
- Neurodevelopmental treatment
Motor control
52
How do serial static splints lengthen tissues and correct deformity?
- Application of gentle forces sustained for extended periods of time
- Facilitates muscle contractions for improved movement
- Improves postural tone to allow for increased ROM
- Shortens antagonistic muscle groups
-Application of gentle forces sustained for extended periods of time
53
What is a common scale used to determine the level of functional hand use in a child diagnosed with cerebral palsy?
- The Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS)
- The Canadian Occupational Therapy Performance Measure
- The Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2
- Manual Ability Classification System (MACS)
-Manual Ability Classification System (MACS)
54
What is not a cause of cerebral palsy in children?
- Low birth weight
- Prenatal maternal infection
- Multiple pregnancies
- Socioeconomic status
Socioeconomic status
55
Which of the following is considered a secondary impairment in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy?
- Possible seizure disorder
- Spasticity
- Joint contracture
- Weakness of eye muscles
-Joint contracture
56
Which type of movement disorder and distribution is most prevalent?
- Spastic; Quadriplegic, all four extremities
- Spastic; Hemiplegic, one side arm > leg
- Dyskinetic; Quadriplegic, all four extremities
- Spastic; Diplegic, legs > arms
-Spastic; Diplegic, legs > arms
57
According to the medical record, Jenny had damage to her primary motor cortex during birth trauma. She has been receiving OT, PT, and SLP since birth. The therapist observed the following during the initial evaluation: Abnormal movements and atypical reflexes present (ie. ATNR) Hypertonicity in her arms with spasticity greater in her right bicep, wrist flexors, and thumb adductor Hypertonicity in her legs with spasticity greater in hip adductors, hamstrings, and gastroc/soleus Delayed or absent righting and equilibrium responses. Which type of cerebral palsy does Jenny have?
- Athetoid
- Ataxic
- Mixed
- Spastic
- Spastic
58
What type of intervention approach is being used when the therapist recommends a zipper pull to allow a child with cerebral palsy to put on his own coat?
- Neurodevelopmental
- Adaptive
- Biomechanical
- Motor control
-Adaptive
59
Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy involves developing new skills through active experimentation, experience, and repetitive practice?
Age-appropriate tasks
Use of purposeful, functional activities
Feedback to promote generalization
Active learning
Active learning
60
```
Which is the most appropriate pain scale to use with a 3.5 year old?
Numerical Rating Scale
Faces Pain Scale – Revised
Oucher
Visual Analog Scale
```
Oucher
61
```
When assessing skin integrity, which is not considered by a hand therapist?
Texture
Range of motion
Quality
Temperature
Color
```
Range of motion
62
Which superficial thermal agent modality delivers cold by applying ice in a continuous pattern of movement directly over a specific region of the upper extremity?
```
Fluidotherapy
Paraffin bath
Ice massage
Moist heat
Ice packs
```
Ice massage
63
Which strategy involves adapting an activity in order to increase independence?
Activity modification
Joint protection strategies
Energy conservation techniques
Activity modification
64
When measuring with a Semmes Weinstein grade of monofilament, when it is appropriate to begin sensory reeducation?
4. 56
2. 83
3. 61
4. 31
6. 65
6.65
65
Which congenital anomaly classification is described as the specific upper limb anatomy does not develop entirely or is entirely absent?
```
Undergrowth
Duplication
Overgrowth
Generalized skeletal abnormalities
Failure of differentiation
Failure of formation
Congenital construction band syndrome
```
Failure of formation
66
```
Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as macrodactyly?
Undergrowth
Overgrowth
Duplication
Generalized skeletal abnormalities
```
Overgrowth
67
Which option describes a Level 5 on the Manual Ability Classification System Levels?
Handles objects easily and successfully
Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement
Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.
Handles objects with difficulty.
Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.
Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.
68
What is the result of a shoulder traction injury at the time of injury?
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Scleroderma
Brachial plexus birth palsy
Upper extremity fracture
Brachial plexus birth palsy
69
What is the most important piece of information to guide an occupational therapist’s plan of care in pediatric hand therapy?
Range of motion scores
Diagnosis-specific protocols
The concerns of child and family
Developmental history
The concerns of child and family
70
Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy suggests practicing in a variety of environments helps develop flexible strategies?
Motivation
Practice in a variety of contexts
Compensatory and/or adaptive strategies considering person, environment, and occupation
Practice in a variety of contexts
71
Which superficial thermal agent modality delivers a dry heat medium similar to a whirpool?
Moist heat
Ice packs
Fluidotherapy
Ice massage
Paraffin bath
Fluidotherapy
72
Which strategy involves reducing strain on a joint to prevent pain?
Activity modification
Energy conservation techniques
Joint protection strategies
Joint protection strategies
73
What has been reported as a way to decrease pain and restore function in individuals with complex regional pain syndrome?
Isometric exercises
Daily passive range of motion
Mirror therapy
Splinting
Mirror therapy
74
Which congenital anomaly classification involves specific structures in the hand being duplicated?
Failure of formation
Overgrowth
Generalized skeletal abnormalities
Duplication
Duplication
75
Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as radial longitudinal deficiencies?
Undergrowth
Failure of formation
Generalized skeletal abnormalities
Failure of differentiation
Failure of formation
76
Which option describes a Level 4 on the Manual Ability Classification System Levels?
Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement
Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.
Handles objects easily and successfully
Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.
Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement
Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.
77
What is characterized by pain, specifically allodynia and hyperalgesia?
Brachial plexus birth palsy
Complex regional pain syndrome
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Scleroderma
Complex regional pain syndrome
78
Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy encourages therapists to consider the child’s values and roles while creating a plan of care?
Motivation
Compensatory and/or adaptive strategies considering person, environment, and occupation
Practice in a variety of contexts
Motivation
79
Which is not a potential limitation of passive ROM?
Joint tightness
Muscle weakness
Scar adhesions
Tendon tightness
Muscle weakness
80
Which assessment is not a patient-reported outcome measure?
Quick DASH
Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH)
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)
Box and Blocks
Box and Blocks
81
Which electrotherapeutic physical agent modality may train a muscle or muscle group to perform a specific movement?
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
82
Which congenital anomaly classification is characterized by a disruption in the development of the digits, metacarpal, carpals, digital or interdigital spaces?
Failure of formation
Failure of differentiation
Duplication
Undergrowth
Failure of differentiation
83
Which option describes a Level 1 on the Manual Ability Classification System Levels?
Handles objects easily and successfully
Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement
Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.
Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.
Handles objects with difficulty.
Handles objects easily and successfully
84
What is a genetic condition characterized by a collagen deficiency causing increased soft tissue elasticity and global join hypermobility?
Brachial plexus birth palsy
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Scleroderma
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
85
Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as a supernumerary digit on ulnar side of the hand?
Failure of differentiation
Undergrowth
Duplication
Overgrowth
Duplication
86
Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy provides feedback to support the child eventually engaging in self-evaluation?
Feedback to promote generalization
Age-appropriate tasks
Use of purposeful, functional activities
Active learning
Feedback to promote generalization
87
What is the preferred method of measuring edema on the dorsum of a hand?
Figure-of-eight method
Disk-Criminator
Volumeter
Wrinkle Test
Figure-of-eight method
88
Which superficial thermal agent modality delivers heat through the application of hot packs and multiple layers of toweling placed on a specific region of the upper extremity?
Moist heat
Fluidotherapy
Ice packs
Ice massage
Paraffin bath
Moist heat
89
A common protocol for treating children with flexor tendon repairs involves initiating AROM immediately.
True
False
False
90
Which congenital anomaly classification occurs when there is an underdeveloped hand or absent digits?
Duplication
Failure of differentiation
Generalized skeletal abnormalities
Undergrowth
Undergrowth
91
Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as brachydactyly?
Duplication
Congenital construction band syndrome
Overgrowth
Undergrowth
Undergrowth
92
Which congenital anomaly classification is described by conditions in which defects of the upper extremity accompany multiple skeletal variations?
Congenital construction band syndrome
Duplication
Generalized skeletal abnormalities
Failure of formation
Generalized skeletal abnormalities
93
What is the most effective occupational therapy pain management strategies for cases of upper extremity trauma?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
Pain modification
Gradual progression of therapeutic activities
Gradual progression of therapeutic activities
94
What is the most likely diagnosis if a child describes sharp, shooting pain in an upper extremity during activity?
Fracture
Arthritis
Tendonitis
Tendonitis
95
Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy encourages therapists to consider the contexts, activity demands, and performance patterns when making recommendations?
Motivation
Practice in a variety of contexts
Compensatory and/or adaptive strategies considering person, environment, and occupation
Compensatory and/or adaptive strategies considering person, environment, and occupation
96
Which option describes a Level 3 on the Manual Ability Classification System Levels?
Handles objects with difficulty.
Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement
Handles objects easily and successfully
Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.
Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.
Handles objects with difficulty.
97
Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as Marfan’s syndrome?
Congenital construction band syndrome
Generalized skeletal abnormalities
Undergrowth
Overgrowth
Generalized skeletal abnormalities
98
Which congenital anomaly classification involves enlargement on the skeletal a soft tissue structures that occurs in the digits?
Failure of differentiation
Congenital construction band syndrome
Undergrowth
Overgrowth
Overgrowth
99
A child with congenital hand differences should have no difference in fine motor, bilateral coordination, and/or functional abilities as a typically developing child.
True
False
False
100
Which option describes a Level 5 on the Manual Ability Classification System Levels?
Handles objects easily and successfully
Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement
Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.
Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.
Handles objects with difficulty.
Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.
101
What can be used to facilitate or inhibit specific muscles or muscle groups to decrease pain, improve ROM, enhance muscle activation, and/or relax specific muscles?
Serial casting
Static progressive splinting
Kinesiology tape
Kinesiology tape
102
Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy involves selecting task and environmental demands appropriate to the child’s developmental levels across domains?
Feedback to promote generalization
Active learning
Age-appropriate tasks
Use of purposeful, functional activities
Age-appropriate tasks
103
Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as clinodactyly?
Failure of differentiation
Overgrowth
Failure of formation
Undergrowth
Failure of differentiation
104
What is the simplest approach to effective scar management?
Pressure
Surgery
Abrasion
Pressure
105
```
What refers to a dangerous physiological response to noxious stimuli below the level of the SCI that causes symptoms such as increased blood pressure?
Heterotopic ossification
Hemophilia
Schistosoma
Autonomic dysreflexia
```
Autonomic dysreflexia
106
A client has had a loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes and a Glasgow Coma Scale score between 13-15, and post-traumatic amnesia that lasts less than 24 hours. How would you classify their traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Mild
107
```
Emily got a sun burn after a long day at the beach. The burn was superficial, causing pain, redness, and itching. She healed within a few days. What degree was her burn?
Third
First
Deep second
Second
```
First
108
```
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: may follow some basic commands.
Level II
Level III
Level I
Level IV
```
Level III
109
```
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: compensates for deficits and independently completes daily tasks.
Level VIII
Level VI
Level VII
Level V
```
Level VIII
110
The grief process is static and linear.
True
False
False
111
Which congenital anomaly classification occurs when an amniotic band wraps around the upper limb resulting in varying levels of limb abnormality distal to the level of the band?
- Generalized skeletal abnormalities
- Congenital construction band syndrome
- Overgrowth
- Failure of formation
Congenital construction band syndrome
112
```
Which age group is the least likely to sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
25-40
65+
0-4
15-19
```
25-40
113
A client has had a loss of consciousness for more than 24 hours, and a Glasgow Coma Scale score between 3-8, and possible observable findings in various scans. How would you classify their traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Mild
Severe
Moderate
Severe
114
```
What is the most common cause of pediatric burns?
Flame
Electrical or chemical interactions
Kitchen or bathroom scalds
Contact with hot objects/tools
```
Kitchen or bathroom scalds
115
```
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: may follow some basic commands.
Level II
Level IV
Level III
Level I
```
Level III
116
```
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: follows daily routines with supervision or minimal verbal cues.
Level VI
Level VII
Level VIII
Level V
```
Level VI
117
A client has had a loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes and a Glasgow Coma Scale score between 9-12, and possible observable findings in various scans. How would you classify their traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Severe
Moderate
Mild
Moderate
118
```
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: demonstrates generalized body response to external stimulation.
Level IV
Level II
Level I
Level III
```
Level II
119
```
What type of spinal cord injury is most likely in younger children
C1-3
C5-6
T6
T1-5
```
C1-3
120
Boys and girls are equally likely to experience a pediatric spinal cord injury.
True
False
False
121
Eric’s hand was burned in a small fire. The burn went down to the deeper reticular region and was relatively painless, white, and leathery. Eric’s burn took 4 weeks to heal and required scar massage, passive range of motion (PROM), and splinting by an OT. What degree is his burn?
Deep second
Second
First
Third
Deep second
122
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Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: needs step-by-step instruction for completion of self-care skills.
Level VII
Level V
Level VIII
Level VI
```
Level V
123
```
What refers to a dangerous physiological response to noxious stimuli below the level of the SCI that causes symptoms such as increased blood pressure?
Hemophilia
Schistosoma
Autonomic dysreflexia
Heterotopic ossification
```
Autonomic dysreflexia
124
At a Fourth of July party, Michael handled a firework that exploded in his hands. His burn went to the bone, and appeared black and charred. Michael’s recovery will need grafting and post-operative splinting. What degree is his burn?
First
Second
Deep second
Third
Third
125
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: demonstrates inflexibility with thought processes and actions.
Level VIII
Level VII
Level V
Level VI
Level VII
126
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: demonstrates confusion and agitation.
Level II
Level I
Level IV
Level III
Level IV
127
What is an example of a traumatic brain injury?
Meningitis
Anoxia
Stroke
Sports-related injuries
Sports-related injuries
128
Jonathan is a 15-year-old who sustained traumatic brain injury at the age of 5. He now has significant limitations when completing written classroom assignments. What should the education team do to help him?
Develop discipline-specific goals.
Identify appropriate transition goals.
Excuse Jonathan from written work.
Introduce Jonathan to the special education teacher.
Identify appropriate transition goals.
129
What is the preferred method of measuring edema if it is more diffuse?
Wrinkle Test
Figure-of-eight method
Disk-Criminator
Volumeter
Volumeter
130
Which electrotherapeutic physical agent modality is typically used to manage pain?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
131
Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy suggests learning is improved when the child is performing a purposeful, functional activity?
Feedback to promote generalization
Age-appropriate tasks
Active learning
Use of purposeful, functional activities
Use of purposeful, functional activities
132
During an active flare up of a rheumatic condition, which type of activity is NOT appropriate?
AROM
Stretching joints
Managing pain
Stretching joints
133
Unstructured observation of the child while engaged in age-appropriate play and meaningful activities is not appropriate to include in the assessment process.
True
False
False
134
Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy provides feedback to support the child eventually engaging in self-evaluation?
Active learning
Age-appropriate tasks
Use of purposeful, functional activities
Feedback to promote generalization
Feedback to promote generalization
135
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Which is not a potential limitation of passive ROM?
Joint tightness
Scar adhesions
Tendon tightness
Muscle weakness
```
Muscle weakness
