Final: 8 Apr 25 8 Apr Anatomy and Function of the Larynx and Trachea

Question 1

What is the primary structure of the larynx?

Answer 1

A cartilaginous structure connected to the hyoid bone

Question 2

What connects the larynx to the hyoid bone?

Answer 2

Ligaments and skeletal muscles

Question 3

What is the average length of the trachea?

Answer 3

10 to 13 centimeters

Question 4

What is the typical internal diameter of the trachea compared to a common object?

Answer 4

About the width of a thumb

Question 5

What type of tissue primarily makes up the trachea?

Answer 5

Cartilage and annular ligaments

Question 6

How many pieces of tracheal cartilage are typically found in an adult?

Answer 6

About 20

Question 7

What is the shape of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea?

Answer 7

C-shaped

Question 8

What is the purpose of the opening in the back of the trachea?

Answer 8

Facilitates swallowing

Question 9

What occurs in the trachea during coughing?

Answer 9

Increased airflow velocity due to the folding of connective tissue

Question 10

What are goblet cells responsible for?

Answer 10

Mucus production in the upper airways

Question 11

What are the main bronchopulmonary segments in the right lung?

Answer 11

10 segments

Question 12

How many bronchopulmonary segments are typically found in the left lung?

Answer 12

8 segments

Question 13

What is the typical length of the right main stem bronchus?

Answer 13

About 2 centimeters

Question 14

What is the typical length of the left main stem bronchus?

Answer 14

About 4 to 6 centimeters

Question 15

What angle does the right main stem bronchus deviate from vertical?

Answer 15

About 25 degrees

Question 16

What angle does the left main stem bronchus deviate from vertical?

Answer 16

About 45 degrees

Question 17

What is the total angle of bifurcation between the main stems?

Answer 17

About 70 degrees

Question 18

What is the name of the cartilage at the bifurcation of the trachea?

Answer 18

Carina

Question 19

What is a common procedure for establishing an airway in emergencies?

Answer 19

Tracheostomy

Question 20

What is the median cricothyroid ligament?

Answer 20

A connective tissue that connects the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage

Question 21

What is a potential consequence of using an endotracheal tube?

Answer 21

Bypassing normal humidification and warming of inspired air

Question 22

How does head position affect the length and diameter of the trachea?

Answer 22

Extending the head makes it longer and flexing the head makes it wider

Question 23

True or False: The left main stem bronchus is shorter and wider than the right main stem bronchus.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What happens to the internal diameter of the trachea when tubing is stretching?

Answer 24

It is probably going to be reduced.

Question 25

How does head position affect the internal tracheal diameter?

Answer 25

Flexing the head down can make the internal diameter larger, while putting the head back can make it smaller.

Question 26

What is the thyrohyoid membrane?

Answer 26

A large ligament that connects the top of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone.

Question 27

Which cartilage forms a continuous circle or oval in the larynx?

Answer 27

Cricoid cartilage.

Question 28

What is the narrowest point in the upper airway for patients aged 10 years or younger?

Answer 28

Cricoid cartilage.

Question 29

What is the narrowest point in the upper airway for adults?

Answer 29

Vocal cords.

Question 30

What is the fancy name for the area between the vocal cords?

Answer 30

Transglottic space.

Question 31

Where should the pressure cuff of an endotracheal tube sit?

Answer 31

Somewhere below the larynx.

Question 32

What is the sternal angle?

Answer 32

The ridge at the top of the sternum where the trachea is located.

Question 33

What is cricoid pressure used for?

Answer 33

To prevent gastric contents from being aspirated.

Question 34

What is the action of the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 34

It tightens the vocal cords.

Question 35

What is the brim of glottis?

Answer 35

The opening between the vocal cords.

Question 36

What does the vocalis muscle do?

Answer 36

It tightens the vocal cords.

Question 37

What is the function of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

Answer 37

It adducts the vocal cords.

Question 38

What does the transverse arytenoid muscle do?

Answer 38

It adducts the vocal cords by pulling the arytenoid cartilages closer together.

Question 39

What is the role of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

Answer 39

It abducts the vocal cords.

Question 40

Which muscle is the only laryngeal muscle that opens the vocal cords?

Answer 40

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.

Question 41

What happens to the vocal cords when the thyroarytenoid muscle contracts?

Answer 41

The vocal cords tighten.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The area where the pressure cuff is felt during intubation is typically at the _______.

Answer 42

sternal notch.

Question 43

True or False: The cricoid cartilage is not a continuous piece of cartilage.

Answer 43

False.

Question 44

What is the effect of the cricothyroid muscle on vocal cord tension?

Answer 44

It increases the tension on the vocal cords.

Question 45

What is the primary function of the muscle that opens the vocal cords?

Answer 45

It is crucial for breathing and allows the vocal cords to open.

Question 46

What condition is described by the difficulty of breathing due to muscle issues?

Answer 46

Laryngeal spasm.

Question 47

What are the muscles around the larynx called?

Answer 47

Pharyngeal constrictors.

Question 48

What is the role of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

Answer 48

It helps to close the vocal cords.

Question 49

How does the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle affect the arytenoid cartilage?

Answer 49

It causes counterclockwise rotation, closing the cords.

Question 50

How many muscle groups are responsible for tightening or closing the vocal cords?

Answer 50

Five muscle groups.

Question 51

Which muscle group is solely responsible for opening the vocal cords?

Answer 51

Only one muscle group.

Question 52

What is the sensory nerve primarily responsible for sensation in the face?

Answer 52

Trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V).

Question 53

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 53

* V1: Ophthalmic division * V2: Maxillary division * V3: Mandibular division

Question 54

What happens to vocal cords when whispering?

Answer 54

They do not vibrate and are more open.

Question 55

What is the state of the vocal cords during phonation?

Answer 55

They are close together.

Question 56

What is the consequence of dysfunction in one of the laryngeal nerves?

Answer 56

Speech may still be possible but will sound raspy.

Question 57

What is the role of the inferior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 57

It innervates and controls most of the muscles in the voice box.

Question 58

True or False: If one laryngeal nerve is injured, speech is impossible.

Answer 58

False.

Question 59

What factors can affect the vocal cords' ability to vibrate?

Answer 59

Degree of openness and closure of the cords.

Question 60

Fill in the blank: The _______ muscle wraps around the back of the cricoid cartilage.

Answer 60

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 61

What might be required for understanding the anatomy of the vocal cords?

Answer 61

3D anatomy apps or visual aids.

Question 62

What happens to the vocal cords during normal breathing?

Answer 62

They are usually not completely open.

Question 63

How does the body compensate for a dysfunctional laryngeal nerve?

Answer 63

Other muscles can still close the cords sufficiently.

Question 64

What is the impact of atmospheric pressure changes on breathing?

Answer 64

Low pressure at high altitudes and increased pressure underwater affect breathing.