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Biomechanics > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Newton’s 1st law

A

object rest stats at rest until force acts on it

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2
Q

newstons 2nd law

A

F=ma

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3
Q

newtons 3rd law

A

every action has an equal and opposite reaction

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4
Q

bio mechanics

A

analysis of mechanical systems of humans

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5
Q

kinetics

A

the action of forces looking at forces and how it acts

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6
Q

kinematics

A

study of motion with respect to space and time

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7
Q

kinesiology

A

study of human movement

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8
Q

kinetic friction

A

friction in motion

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9
Q

static friction

A

the value of friction right before the sliding begins

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10
Q

which coefficient of friction is higher

A

static

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11
Q

normal force

A

is on flat ground the weight of object but on slope it is the portion weight perpendicular to slope… perpendicular force

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12
Q

center of mass

A

point in body where mass equally distributed.. balance point men’s is higher

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13
Q

center gravity

A

affect due to acceleration of gravity on your COM

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14
Q

horizontal acceleration

A

zero

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15
Q

vertical acceleration

A

-9.81 then form apex to other side 9.81

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16
Q

vertical velocity at apex

A

0 m/s

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17
Q

calculate jump height given initial vertical velocity?

A

1/2mv2=ma(g)h

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18
Q

frame rate (0.0167 secs between)

A

1/frame rate= time between frames

1/x=0.0167s so 60 frame rate

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19
Q

rectilinear motion

A

straight line

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20
Q

curvilinear motion

A

motion in curved line

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21
Q

angular motion

A

fixed axis attached object rotates around

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22
Q

distance

A

length of exact path a to b

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23
Q

displacement

A

straight line from a to b how far from one to other

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24
Q

speed

A

distance/time m/s

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25
velocity
displacement/time m/s
26
mechanotransduction
process by which mechanical forces cause tissue adaptation apply force to muscles, bones, tendons to help adapt
27
acceleration due gravity in space
is 0 so there is a lot of atrophy because body weight is actually stimulus for your muscles and bones adapting
28
impulse
Fxt
29
momentum
mv(2)-mv(1)
30
impulse-momentum relationship
F x t= mv(2)-mv(1)
31
body mass influence running velocity with certain impulse
velocity would go down because muscle mass would increase force so impulse would go up but fat mass has no affect on impulse
32
resistance exercise machine with CAM
cam creates variable resistance
33
plyometric exercise
box jump or drop jump... loading eccentric phase to maximize stretch shorten function
34
explosive concentric power development
pulling slide, parachute, bands, medicine ball throws (cross bridge attentiation, stretch reflex, stored elastic energy)
35
cross bridge attentiation
stretch and pulling myosin/actin increase excitation of them... muscle being pulled on under tension then shortens
36
stored elastic energy
utilizes strong energy in tendons
37
five phases of gait
heel strike, midstance, toe off, midswing, heel strike
38
single support
30% mid stance
39
double support
heel strike and toe off each 15% so all is 30%
40
swing phase
40%
41
endurance
maintain max work effectiveness and resistance to fatigue
42
strength
max force output that can be developed in a muscle (or group) during single max contraction
43
power
force over time... avg force times avg velocity along line of action of that force, the capacity to continue prolonged exercises at a given intensity
44
torque
rotation around fixed axis T=Fxd (moment arm Nm)
45
line of action
goes through the center of the weight and the action
46
moment arm
line form axis to perpendicular of line of action
47
kinetic energy
due to motion k=1/2mv2
48
potential energy
due to position ma(g)h
49
strain energy
energy stored in material 1/2kx2 (stiffness constant, amount deformation)
50
purpose patella
increase angle of insertion determines how much force works on axis rotation
51
factors influence the strength curve joint
moment arm length for muscle (Fm), force of muscle bc lenght muscle changing (Dm), moment arm for resistance (Dr)
52
muscle length in down position
minimum cross bridging (low force)
53
middle muscle
optimal length cross bridging (max force)
54
folded position at top muscle
bundled (bunched so not much cross bridging) so gets hard again low force
55
videography
quantification of movement using video
56
weak bicep curl
long forearm, proximal origin insertion
57
strong bicep curl
short forearm (moment arm), distal origin insertion
58
stretch-shortening cycle
eccentric, coupling, concentric.... rapid and forceful muscle lengthening followed by rapid muscle shortening
59
stretch reflex
go down initiate this
60
eccentric phase SSc
rapid and forceful muscle stretch/lengthening
61
amortiation phase SSC
time between muscle lengthening and muscle shortening in which neurons signal for contraction
62
concentric phase SSC
rapid muscle shortening
63
angle of attack result in stall
positive angle and less horizontal displacement
64
how does position of COP relative to COG of object influence its attitude angle
can adjust around center of mass and change angle
65
form drag
cross sectional area exposed to on coming air/water flow
66
wake drag
behind object
67
surface drag
other pressures like going too deep
68
optimal depth for swimming underwater
0.4 m
69
wake and golf ball
high LP sone behind object slows it down and it goes less far so divites in golf ball decreases wake because turbulent flow so go farther
70
magnus effect
rotation of object collision HP that causes it to turn (when ball is thrown with a spin)
71
amplitude
force output... size motor unit each has own wave
72
frequency
type of motor unit, firing rate action potentials per second
73
where should EMG electrode be placed
center muscle belly when contracted don't want it over motor point
74
order of editing EMG to read
raw EMG to full wave rectify (abs value) to linear envelope (outline top) then IEMG then avg IEMG
75
IEMG
area under curve mV*s
76
avg IEMG
area under curve/time muscle active = mV
77
common shoulder injuries
dislocated, supraspinatus tear/sprain and rotator cuff tears, torn glenoid labrum, cartilage degneration, bone spurs, acromioclivular seperation, shoulder impingement
78
spine injuries
herniated disc, fracture verterbal body (compression)
79
knee injuries
ACL injury/tear, PCL, LCL, MCL, meisci, platella fracture/lateral
80
ankle injuries
fracture, acleis tendon, sprain

Biomechanics (4 decks)

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