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Biomechanics > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Newton’s 1st law

A

object rest stats at rest until force acts on it

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2
Q

newstons 2nd law

A

F=ma

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3
Q

newtons 3rd law

A

every action has an equal and opposite reaction

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4
Q

bio mechanics

A

analysis of mechanical systems of humans

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5
Q

kinetics

A

the action of forces looking at forces and how it acts

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6
Q

kinematics

A

study of motion with respect to space and time

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7
Q

kinesiology

A

study of human movement

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8
Q

kinetic friction

A

friction in motion

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9
Q

static friction

A

the value of friction right before the sliding begins

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10
Q

which coefficient of friction is higher

A

static

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11
Q

normal force

A

is on flat ground the weight of object but on slope it is the portion weight perpendicular to slope… perpendicular force

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12
Q

center of mass

A

point in body where mass equally distributed.. balance point men’s is higher

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13
Q

center gravity

A

affect due to acceleration of gravity on your COM

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14
Q

horizontal acceleration

A

zero

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15
Q

vertical acceleration

A

-9.81 then form apex to other side 9.81

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16
Q

vertical velocity at apex

A

0 m/s

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17
Q

calculate jump height given initial vertical velocity?

A

1/2mv2=ma(g)h

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18
Q

frame rate (0.0167 secs between)

A

1/frame rate= time between frames

1/x=0.0167s so 60 frame rate

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19
Q

rectilinear motion

A

straight line

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20
Q

curvilinear motion

A

motion in curved line

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21
Q

angular motion

A

fixed axis attached object rotates around

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22
Q

distance

A

length of exact path a to b

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23
Q

displacement

A

straight line from a to b how far from one to other

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24
Q

speed

A

distance/time m/s

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25
Q

velocity

A

displacement/time m/s

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26
Q

mechanotransduction

A

process by which mechanical forces cause tissue adaptation apply force to muscles, bones, tendons to help adapt

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27
Q

acceleration due gravity in space

A

is 0 so there is a lot of atrophy because body weight is actually stimulus for your muscles and bones adapting

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28
Q

impulse

A

Fxt

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29
Q

momentum

A

mv(2)-mv(1)

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30
Q

impulse-momentum relationship

A

F x t= mv(2)-mv(1)

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31
Q

body mass influence running velocity with certain impulse

A

velocity would go down because muscle mass would increase force so impulse would go up but fat mass has no affect on impulse

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32
Q

resistance exercise machine with CAM

A

cam creates variable resistance

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33
Q

plyometric exercise

A

box jump or drop jump… loading eccentric phase to maximize stretch shorten function

34
Q

explosive concentric power development

A

pulling slide, parachute, bands, medicine ball throws (cross bridge attentiation, stretch reflex, stored elastic energy)

35
Q

cross bridge attentiation

A

stretch and pulling myosin/actin increase excitation of them… muscle being pulled on under tension then shortens

36
Q

stored elastic energy

A

utilizes strong energy in tendons

37
Q

five phases of gait

A

heel strike, midstance, toe off, midswing, heel strike

38
Q

single support

A

30% mid stance

39
Q

double support

A

heel strike and toe off each 15% so all is 30%

40
Q

swing phase

A

40%

41
Q

endurance

A

maintain max work effectiveness and resistance to fatigue

42
Q

strength

A

max force output that can be developed in a muscle (or group) during single max contraction

43
Q

power

A

force over time… avg force times avg velocity along line of action of that force, the capacity to continue prolonged exercises at a given intensity

44
Q

torque

A

rotation around fixed axis T=Fxd (moment arm Nm)

45
Q

line of action

A

goes through the center of the weight and the action

46
Q

moment arm

A

line form axis to perpendicular of line of action

47
Q

kinetic energy

A

due to motion k=1/2mv2

48
Q

potential energy

A

due to position ma(g)h

49
Q

strain energy

A

energy stored in material 1/2kx2 (stiffness constant, amount deformation)

50
Q

purpose patella

A

increase angle of insertion determines how much force works on axis rotation

51
Q

factors influence the strength curve joint

A

moment arm length for muscle (Fm), force of muscle bc lenght muscle changing (Dm), moment arm for resistance (Dr)

52
Q

muscle length in down position

A

minimum cross bridging (low force)

53
Q

middle muscle

A

optimal length cross bridging (max force)

54
Q

folded position at top muscle

A

bundled (bunched so not much cross bridging) so gets hard again low force

55
Q

videography

A

quantification of movement using video

56
Q

weak bicep curl

A

long forearm, proximal origin insertion

57
Q

strong bicep curl

A

short forearm (moment arm), distal origin insertion

58
Q

stretch-shortening cycle

A

eccentric, coupling, concentric…. rapid and forceful muscle lengthening followed by rapid muscle shortening

59
Q

stretch reflex

A

go down initiate this

60
Q

eccentric phase SSc

A

rapid and forceful muscle stretch/lengthening

61
Q

amortiation phase SSC

A

time between muscle lengthening and muscle shortening in which neurons signal for contraction

62
Q

concentric phase SSC

A

rapid muscle shortening

63
Q

angle of attack result in stall

A

positive angle and less horizontal displacement

64
Q

how does position of COP relative to COG of object influence its attitude angle

A

can adjust around center of mass and change angle

65
Q

form drag

A

cross sectional area exposed to on coming air/water flow

66
Q

wake drag

A

behind object

67
Q

surface drag

A

other pressures like going too deep

68
Q

optimal depth for swimming underwater

A

0.4 m

69
Q

wake and golf ball

A

high LP sone behind object slows it down and it goes less far so divites in golf ball decreases wake because turbulent flow so go farther

70
Q

magnus effect

A

rotation of object collision HP that causes it to turn (when ball is thrown with a spin)

71
Q

amplitude

A

force output… size motor unit each has own wave

72
Q

frequency

A

type of motor unit, firing rate action potentials per second

73
Q

where should EMG electrode be placed

A

center muscle belly when contracted don’t want it over motor point

74
Q

order of editing EMG to read

A

raw EMG to full wave rectify (abs value) to linear envelope (outline top) then IEMG then avg IEMG

75
Q

IEMG

A

area under curve mV*s

76
Q

avg IEMG

A

area under curve/time muscle active = mV

77
Q

common shoulder injuries

A

dislocated, supraspinatus tear/sprain and rotator cuff tears, torn glenoid labrum, cartilage degneration, bone spurs, acromioclivular seperation, shoulder impingement

78
Q

spine injuries

A

herniated disc, fracture verterbal body (compression)

79
Q

knee injuries

A

ACL injury/tear, PCL, LCL, MCL, meisci, platella fracture/lateral

80
Q

ankle injuries

A

fracture, acleis tendon, sprain

Biomechanics (4 decks)

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