final bihhhhhh

Question 1

climax community (steady state)

Answer 1

term used to express a community in its final stage of succession

Question 2

how many mechanisms of succession are there

Answer 2

3

Question 3

facilitation model

Answer 3

a pioneer species makes the way for a future species and hurts itself in the process

Question 4

inhibition model

Answer 4

pioneer species inhibits the future growth of other species, but will eventually die off and then the future species can grow

Question 5

tolerant model

Answer 5

pioneer species hurts itself but doesn’t have a real effect on the later species

Question 6

resistance

Answer 6

ability for an ecosystem to remain unchangeable when subjected to disturbances

Question 7

resilience

Answer 7

ability and rate of an ecosystem to recover from a disturbance to its pre-disturbed state

Question 8

food chain

Answer 8

sequence of transfer of matter and energy in form food from organism to organism

Question 9

food web

Answer 9

natural interconnection of food chains

Question 10

keystone species

Answer 10

those w/ an extremely high impact on structure/function of an ecosystem RELATIVE TO ITS POPULATION

Question 11

keystone species have a relatively (low/high) abundance

Answer 11

low

Question 12

top-down control

Answer 12

species @ the top (predators) control/affect the species at the bottom

Question 13

what is the trophic cascade

Answer 13

INDIRECT INTERACTIONS that control entire ecosystems

Question 14

bottom up control

Answer 14

species at the bottom (prey) influence the predators

Question 15

foundation species

Answer 15

habitat forming organisms that physcially modify the environment, production, and maintain habitats that benefit other organims

Question 16

are foundation species in low or high abundance and what do they do

Answer 16

High; STRONG ROLE IN STRUCTURING THE COMMUNITY

Question 17

ecossytem

Answer 17

biotic and abiotic components linked together through NUTRIENT CYCLES & ENERGY FLOWS

Question 18

are nutrient cycles and open or closed system? energy flow?

Answer 18

closed; open

Question 19

primary production

Answer 19

production of NEW organic matter or biomass by AUTOTROPHS in an ecosystem

Question 20

how do autotrophs get energy

Answer 20

taking inorganic materials to organic materials

Question 21

gross primary production

Answer 21

total product of ALL primary production

NPP=GPP-R

Question 22

secondary production

Answer 22

generation of biomass of HETEROTROPHIC (consumers) organisms in a system

Question 23

define trophic level

Answer 23

position that an organism occupies in a food chain

Question 24

what factors influence terrestrial primary production

Answer 24

temperature
nutrients
moisture

Question 25

where is primary production the highest in an aquatic system & why

Answer 25

near the coastline because of nitrite and upwelling

Question 26

what factors influence aquatic primary production

Answer 26

temperature | nutrients

Question 27

increasing biodiversity leads to ________ in primary production increasing the # of consumers leads to ______ in primary production

Answer 27

increase | decrease

Question 28

ecological efficiency

Answer 28

how much energy transfers from one level to the next

Question 29

geographical ecology

Answer 29

study of ecological structure and processes @ LARGE GEOGRAPHIC SCALES

Question 30

island biogeography theory

Answer 30

species richness on island can be modeled as a DYNAMIC BALANCE bt IMMIGRATION & EXTINCTION

Question 31

species turnover

Answer 31

when species composition CHANGES OVER TIME

Question 32

decomposition

Answer 32

organic matter is BROKEN DOWN & water, CO, nutrients are released organic materials-----> inorganic materials

Question 33

landscape

Answer 33

HETEROGENEOUS area consisting of DISTINCTIVE patches organized into a MOSAIC pattern

Question 34

landscape ecology

Answer 34

study of interaction bt TEMPORAL & SPATIAL ASPECTS of a landscape & the organisms w/ it

Question 35

ecotone

Answer 35

distinct area between 2 habitats

Question 36

ecosystem engineer

Answer 36

any organism that creates significantly modfies maintains or destroys a habitat

Question 37

who is the biggest ecosystem engineer

Answer 37

humanz

Question 38

at what elevation is species richness the highest

Answer 38

mid elevation

Question 39

biodiversity hotspot

Answer 39

BIOGEOGRAPHIC region w/ significant levels of BIODIVERSITY that's threatened by HUMAN habitation

Question 40

umbrella species

Answer 40

selected for making conservation related decisions

Question 41

what factors influence decomposition

Answer 41

Temp Moisture O2 Nutrient level