FINAL - Chapter 3 Hybridization

Question 1

How do you make a neutral molecule have a positive formal charge?

Answer 1

Take a lone pair and make it a bonding pair

Question 2

How many bonds can carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen make with FC of zero

Answer 2

Carbon 4 bonds
Nitrogen 3 bonds and 1 lone
Oxygen 2 bonds and 2 lone

So you count how many valence electrons and that’s how many bonds and then whatever is left to get to 4 is how many lone pairs

Question 3

Valence Bond Theory:

Answer 3

Electrons localized between atoms and bond formed by sharing of electrons

“localized electron theory”

Question 4

Define sigma and pi bond

Answer 4

Sigma is head on overlap of hybridized orbitals

Pi is side on overlap from unhybridized p orbitals

Question 5

Geometry predicts hybridization or hybridization predicts geometry?

Answer 5

Geometry predicts hybridization

Question 6

What are two limitations of VB theory?

Answer 6

Often incorrectly predicts electron configurations

Cannot predict energies of orbitals in molecules