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Drugs and Society > Final Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Final Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

this is the most widely abused psychoactive drug and the oldest known

A

ethyl alcohol

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2
Q

alcohol results from

A

fermentation of fruits for wine and grains for beer

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3
Q

Fermentation products are limited to about ____% alcohol bc why?

A

higher alcohol levels kill the yeast

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4
Q

C6H12O6 (SUgar)–>

A

2C2H5OH (Ethyl alcohol) + 2CO2(carbon Dioxide)

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5
Q

these are impurities that can increase the severity of hangovers

A

congeners

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6
Q

this is made from roasted grain; combined with water, hops, and yeast

A

beer

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7
Q

a lager has how much % alcohol?

A

4%

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8
Q

these are generally made from grapes

A

wines

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9
Q

unfortified wines have about %

A

12%

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10
Q

these result from distilling fermentation products

A

distilled spirits (liquors)

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11
Q

Liquors and whiskey have about % alcohol

A

40-50%

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12
Q

Everclear has % alcohol

A

95%

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13
Q

1 proof= ?%

A

1/2%

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14
Q

1% = ? poof

A

2 proof

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15
Q

the body absorption is distributed of how much percentage of which organs

A

stomach=20% and the small intestine absorb 80%

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16
Q

the body does what to alcohol

A

the body metabolizes alcohol at at continuous rate

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17
Q

what goes on in a liver cell when alcohol is consumed

A

Ethyl alcohol–>(alcohol dehydrogenase occurs) Tf producing Acetaldehyde–> if you are taking antabuse this is where antabuse stops the process
next acetic acid –> cargo dioxide (water and energy) which means that there are calories; this is the only drug mentioned where you gain calories!

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18
Q

This is a measure of the % of alcohol on 100 mls of blood

A

Blood alcohol content (BAC)

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19
Q

A 175 lb. male, on average, drinking 5 drinks in 2 hours would have a ? BAC. this means what?

A

.095 BAC

he would be legally drink in most states

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20
Q

these measure how alcohol works in your blood and what is happening in your lungs

A

breathalyzers

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21
Q

What are the four LOW dose episodes for the effects and consequences of alcohol

A
  1. blood vessel dilation
  2. increased sexual desire
  3. gastric juices stimulated
  4. relaxation and disinhibitation
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22
Q

What are the six HIGH dose episodes for the effects and consequences of alcohol

A
  1. muscular coordination is impaired
  2. slurred speech
  3. loss of emotional control
  4. impaired sexual performance
  5. Alcohol poisoning over dose
  6. hangover
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23
Q

this is vomiting, unconsciousness, coma, death

A

alcohol poisoning

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24
Q

What is the BAC threshold for alcohol poisoning is

A

.4

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25
this is a headache, fatigue, nausea, thirst, inability to concentrate, depression
hangover
26
what are the frequent high dose use? (4)
1. alcoholism 2. blackouts 3. tolerance and tissue dependence 4. withdrawal
27
how much % of adults in the US suffer from alcoholism and becomes an addiction
10-12%
28
this is defined as no recall of events while intoxicated
blackouts
29
severe withdrawal involves what
sweating, tremors, hallucinations, seizures and delirium tremens
30
What are the long term effects of alcohol use?
1. ) stomach problems 2. ) liver problems 3. ) brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles 4. ) heart problems 5. ) malnutrition
31
What are the stomach problems that are associated with long term use effects of alcohol?
gastritis: the inflammation of the stomach ulcers: this is where individuals cough up bright red blood
32
What are the liver problems associated with the long term use of alcohol?
cirrhosis: where scare tissue replaces normal liver tissue | "fatty liver": the liver becomes enlarged
33
What result from prolonged heavy drinking?
memory loss and dementias: this is not a natural normal aging condition
34
When it comes to long term alcohol use, why does malnutrition happen?
alcoholics receive their calories from alcohol which had=s not vitamins, protein, or minerals
35
What are some other problems that are associated with alcohol use?
``` A self-medication/mental problems B FAS C Suicide D Motor vehicle accidents E aggression/violence ```
36
When it comes to self-medication and mental problems. alcohol is often used to try to do what to mental disorders? What do alcoholics often suffer from?
try to control moderate to severe mental disorders depression and anxiety
37
More than ?% of motor vehicle fatalities indicate alcohol use?
50%
38
Adult alcoholics have ____ the suicide rate of the general population
twice
39
About how many victims who die from suicide have a BAC of 1.0 BAC?
1/4
40
What are the 4 abnormalities associated with FAS?
1 Delayed intelectual development 2 CNS Abnormalities 3 Abnormal construction of the head and face 4 growth retardation
41
according to findings about FAS, When do the greatest damage results happen and what is the severity of exposure to alcohol?
in the earlier stages of pregnancy and heavy exposure
42
This kind of drinking is high in BAC and the most drinking pattern and does not happen over a couple of weeks
Binge drinking
43
Sedatives can lower your inhibitions, causing what?
Personality change
44
By lowering your inhibitions, alcohol may cause what?
pent-up anger, hatred or desire
45
Alcohol also impairs what
judgment, reason, and common sense
46
What % of homicides and rapes are committed under the influence of alcohol?
50
47
This is the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of disease and other factors relating to health:
epidemiology
48
Drinking problems account for what % percentage of hospital admissions?
30%
49
Who drink more per episode and have more drinking problems?
men
50
How many % of college students agree to binge drinking at least once a week?
40%
51
As a result of binge drinking for college students:
GPA drops and frequency of alcohol use increases
52
What are the main classes of psychedelics
``` 1 Indole Psychedelics 2 Phenyalklamines 3 Anticholingers 4 Cannabinols 5 Other ```
53
Name 2 Indole Psychedelics:
1 LSD | 2 Psilocybin
54
Name 2 Phenyalklamines:
1 Mescaline | 2 ecstasy
55
Name an Anticholinger:
belladonna
56
Name some "others"
PCP | Ketamine
57
The general effects to psychedelics, particularly the mental effects, depend on what?
``` 1 Size of dose 2 History with the drug 3 emotional makeup 4 mood 5 surroundings ```
58
Some physical effects of psychedelics include?
``` 1 Increased heart rate 2 Increased blood pressure 3 sweating 4 nausea 5 increased sensitivity to sensory items ```
59
what type of psychedelic is LSD?
Indole Psychadelic
60
What does LSD Mean?
Lysergic Acid Deitthylamide
61
Who was the fist to synthesize LSD?
Dr Albert Hoffman
62
What was MK-ULTRA?
This is a program where the CIA conducted mind control studies and truth serum experiments with LSD
63
WHo popularized LSD and when?
Harvard professor Dr Timothy Leary, in the 60s
64
When and by whom made LSD illegal?
February 1, 1966 | Federal Drug Abuse Control Amendments
65
Where is LSD still manufactured?
In the San Francisco Bay Northern California
66
How much LSD does the nation consume?
11 lbs. / year
67
How is LSD synthesized and where do people tend to put it or how is it distributed?
Crystallin is dissolved in alcohol | Drops are put on blotter paper, pills, powders, and microdots
68
Lower dose of LSD is?
30-50micrograms
69
Effects of LSD are what?
Dose dependent
70
what effects do 30-50 micrograms produce?
these are lower doses and they produce euphoria (laughter and giddiness)
71
How much LSD is need to produce strong hallucinogens?
150-300 micrograms
72
what is the dry that contains synthetic THC and is used to improve appetite?
Marinol
73
What does of LSD is given to the research subject in the video?
100 micrograms

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