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Acute Care 2 > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

what kind of antibiotic organism cannot be killed by regular hand soap?

A

Vancomycin resistant enterococci

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2
Q

what does excessive fluid do to our vascular?

A

overload

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3
Q

what are modifiable risk factors?

A

stress, weight, alcohol, smoking, cigarette

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4
Q

how do you diagnose HTN?

A

2 BP on 2 separate occasions

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5
Q

what organs does HTN mostly effect?

A

eyes, brain, heart, kidneys

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6
Q

what are complications of uncontrolled HTN?

A

myocardial infraction, heart failure, cva, blurry vision, renal disease

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7
Q

Hypertensive crisis (emergency)

A

BP:>180/20 and indication of organ damage

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8
Q

what are s/s of HTN crisis?

A

severe headache, seizures, nausea, blurred vision, nausea

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9
Q

How do you treat HTN crisis?

A

admit to icu with IV emergency drugs (nipride, cardene, nitroglycerin, or labetalol)

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10
Q

pre hypertension levels?

A

130-139 (systolic)/80-89 (Diastolic)

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11
Q

what medication can cause a chronic hacking cough?

A

Ace Inhibitor

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12
Q

what medication would be be administered to an asthmatic or COPD patient? why?

A

beta blocker, binds together and blocks epinephrine

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13
Q

nursing consideration for monitoring patient on diuretic?

A

lowers bp, orthostatic hypotension, dehydration, potassium, bananas, apricots

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14
Q

atherosclerosis

A

artery NARROWING due to lipids, inflammation, erosion

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15
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

HARDENING and THICKENING of arteries from calcium deposits

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16
Q

how would you prevent a PVD?

A

control diabetes mellitus, educate on diet, prevent smoking

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17
Q

what are the 6 pā€™s of an arterial embolism?

A

pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, poilokilothermia, paralysis

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18
Q

s/s of venous disease

A

skin discoloration, thick brownish around ankles, bluish feet, edema, cellulitis, necrosis and gangrene

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19
Q

PAD most common cause is?

A

atherosclerosis

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20
Q

treatment for PAD?

A

exercise, and smoking cessation (stop)

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21
Q

s/s of PAD?

A

intermittent claudication (pain effecting calf), arterial ulcers, older adult consideration

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22
Q

what is an aneurysm?

A

bulging blood vessel, outpouching of the wall of an artery, resulting from a structural defect.
once develops, it continues to grow larger and may rupture

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23
Q

treatment for aneurysm?

A

surgery, focus on lower blood pressure and treat pain. maintain stress, safety

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24
Q

what needs to be verified if patient taking thiazides?

A

allergy (sulfa drug)

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25
what do you monitor in a patient on antihypertensive medication?
blood pressure and heart rate
26
beta blockers can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia. what patient base would need additional education when taking this med?
diabetic patient
27
what electrolyte would be a concern if patient is on a diuretic?
potassium
28
intermitent claudication
pain when walking, goes away when resting
29
difference between cellulitis and ulcer
cellulitis- inflammation | ulcer- pooling
30
what is the priority concern for a patient on a "clot buster" medication?
no green leafy veggies, fall risk, safety, check INR & PTT levels
31
what would you teach a patient diagnosed with raynaud's disease on how to care for their condition?
protect extremities, avoid cold temp, decrease caffeine, stop smoking, non restive clothing
32
how do you treat varicose veins?
elastic support hose
33
how do you prevent varicose veins?
exercising the legs & feet periodically, decrease alcohol elevate legs whenever possible
34
venous stasis ulcer are caused from what?
insufficient vein stasis | decreased perfusion
35
what is the range for normal insulin levels?
70 to 120 mg/dL
36
what does insulin do?
stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscles inhibits gluconeogeneis enhances fat deposition
37
cardinal signs of diabetes?
``` polyuria polydipsia polyphagia weight loss fatigue ```
38
cardinal signs of diabetes?
``` polyuria polydipsia polyphagia weight loss fatigue ```
39
what complication of diabetes cause sweat breath?
ketones in blood
40
what are the tests to check for pre diabetes?
fasting glucose, glucose tolerance
41
what blood glucose range is considered diabetes?
over 120
42
what is secondary diabetes caused from?
``` results from another medical condition: cushing syndrome hyperthyroidsm pancreatitis parental nutrition cystic fibrosis hemochromatosis ```
43
what organ is the master gland?
pituitary gland
44
what is a healthy a1c?
less than 5.7
45
which gland secretes hormones and which ones are they?
posterior gland
46
what does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?
ADH
47
what hormones does the thyroid secrete?
t3 & t4
48
what happens on the body when there is too much thyroid hormones?
hyperthyroidism- graves and goiter
49
how do you care for a patient with too much thyroid hormone?
antithyroidism. radioactive iodine treatment
50
the parathyroid gland produces calcitonin to regulate what?
calcium glucanate
51
what are the two catecholamines secreted by the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
52
what are the hormones called secreted from the adrenal cortex?
adrenal corticosteroid
53
how do you prevent a goiter?
low iodine
54
headaches, visual changes, anosmia, or seizures are symptoms of a tumor in what gland?
adrenal gland
55
what are the s/s of hypothyroidism?
``` brittle nails intolerance to cold hearing loss apathy dry skin weight loss ```
56
acute thyroiditis and nursing management
``` (bacterial/fungal) increased pain malise dysphagia antibiotics ```
57
subacute thyroiditis
``` (viral) increased temp pain in jaw pain in ear ASA, nsaids, steroid ```
58
chronic thyroiditis
``` (hashimoto) autoimmune anti-thyroid normal tissue thyroid hormones ```
59
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) treatment
(too much ADH) restrict fluids to 500 to 1000 mL/day adminsoter sodium chloride diuretics and demeclicycline
60
DI
not enough ADH
61
large goiter nursing priority?
monitor for tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, fatigue
62
exophthalmos is s/s of what disorder?
graves disease (immune disorder) thyroid overproduces hormones

Acute Care 2 (3 decks)

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