Final Exam

Question 1

_______ make the familiar strange.

Answer 1

Sociologists

Question 2

__________ is the study of human society

Answer 2

Sociology

Question 3

Family, military, and banks are examples of _______

Answer 3

social institutions

Question 4

The way individuals define themselves in relationship to groups they are a part of is called ________

Answer 4

social identity

Question 5

______ looks at how individuals interact with one another as well as at how groups, small and large, interact with one another

Answer 5

Sociology

Question 6

We should use our ________ to question our habits or customs that seem “natural” to us

Answer 6

sociological imagination

Question 7

______ theory is the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general

Answer 7

Conflict

Question 8

Conducting a survey about how often people attend church is an example of a ______ research method

Answer 8

quantitative

Question 9

_______ research describes people’s behavior in rich detail and focuses on the meanings people give to their actions

Answer 9

Qualitative

Question 10

Elizabeth would conduct a ________ research study if she wanted to determine how women define spousal abuse and the meanings they attach to their abuse

Answer 10

qualitative

Question 11

If Kate begins her research with a theory, then forms hypotheses and makes some observations, she is using the ______ method of research

Answer 11

deductive

Question 12

If Kate begins her research with a _____, then forms ______ and makes some _______, she is using the deductive method of research

Answer 12

theory, hypotheses, observations

Question 13

When one factor is said to influence another factor, we refer to this as _____

Answer 13

causality

Question 14

_______ is needed to establish causality

Answer 14

Time order

Question 15

The process by which people internalize the values, beliefs, and norms required to become functioning members of a given society is known as ______

Answer 15

socialization

Question 16

Sociologists view ______ as a lifelong process that begins when a child is born.

Answer 16

socialization

Question 17

Theories of ______ focus, in part, on how the self develops. According to your textbook, the ____ is the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person

Answer 17

socialization, self

Question 18

Cooley’s theory of socialization states that the self develops from our interactions with others and their reactions to us. This theory is known as the _______, theory

Answer 18

Looking glass self

Question 19

People and groups who influence our orientation to life and our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors are agents of ______

Answer 19

socialization

Question 20

Although there are many agents of socialization, four of the primary ones, according to the textbook, are _____, _____, _____, and _____

Answer 20

family, schools, peers, and media

Question 21

Expected conformity, especially among teenage friends, is known as _______

Answer 21

peer pressure

Question 22

A student decides to go out for drinks after her friends make her feel guilty for studying too much is a form of ______

Answer 22

peer pressure

Question 23

A drastic type of adult socialization that may occur when adults change environments is known as ______

Answer 23

resocialization

Question 24

Military boot camps and prisons are places that control all of the basics of people’s day-to-day lives and are known as ______

Answer 24

total institutions

Question 25

A recognizable social position that an individual occupies, such as student or professor, is known as a \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

status

Question 26

Janet has a paper due in her English class, a test in her psychology class, and field notes due in her anthropology class this week. On top of it all, she needs to meet with her advisor to plan out classes for next semester. Janet is experiencing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 26

role strain

Question 27

All of the statuses that an individual occupies at any given time constitute his or her \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

status set

Question 28

Most people occupy many statuses at a particular point in time (e.g., student, son or daughter, employee, citizen). This list of statuses is known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

status set

Question 29

The expectations that Barbie dolls are for girls and G.I. Joe dolls are for boys are examples of \_\_\_\_

Answer 29

gender roles

Question 30

Symbolic interactionism argues that people’s feelings and choices about how to act are based on shared \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 30

meanings, orientations, and assumptions

Question 31

An ______ status is one into which a person has little or no control over

Answer 31

ascribed

Question 32

\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, and ______ are key sociological variables that are said to resist fixed effects because they are relatively stable characteristics of an individual

Answer 32

Race, birth order, generational cohort, sex, parental wealth

Question 33

While the notion of sex refers to biological characteristics, the concept of gender refers to ______ characteristics

Answer 33

social

Question 34

The study of gender is basically the study of how two \_\_\_\_\_\_. They are ______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 34

spheres shape each other nature and nurture

Question 35

Surgeons today recommend prompt surgery to make ______ children conform to an ideal of normal genitalia. About 90 percent of these surgeries reassign an ambiguous _____ anatomy into a _____ one

Answer 35

intersex male, female

Question 36

\_\_\_\_\_\_ and ______ is why parents and surgeons push to assign a sex to a genitally ambiguous child

Answer 36

Social discomfort and fear of difference

Question 37

Many people believe sex to be an either-or situation (either male or female), but _____ believe natural sex is more of an _____ than an absolute

Answer 37

sociologists ideal

Question 38

Although a _____ sex system imposes order in the world and helps us make sense of a complicated mass of populations, it also limits our ability to accept difference

Answer 38

binary

Question 39

Gender structures social relationships between people unequally. This is a statement that would be supported by \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 39

feminists

Question 40

\_\_\_\_\_ studies show us that men and women have different _____ structures, the innate by-product of existing social structural relations is NOT a reason why sociologists view gender as a social construction rather than a biological given

Answer 40

Contemporary personality

Question 41

In our society, we take for granted that sex has only two categories and tend to ignore facts that suggest sex itself is _____ constructed. All of the following are outcomes of this sexual dichotomization EXCEPT viewing sexual _____ as a part of our diversity as a species

Answer 41

socially variation

Question 42

All of the following examples call into question the two firm categories of sex and gender that dominate our thinking EXCEPT the existence of male/female teams in \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 42

sports

Question 43

If we apply our _____ to sex, gender, and sexuality, we might argue that although biological differences exist between men and women, what we make of those differences is socially constructed and has changed through time and place

Answer 43

sociological imaginations

Question 44

The decision to raise a male infant born with a small penis (e.g., a phallus measuring less than 2 centimeters in length) as a female is an example of how the ______ of gender influence the biology of sex

Answer 44

social categories

Question 45

The idea that there is only one sex and that the female body is an inversion of the male body was promoted by the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 45

Greek

Question 46

In the _____ model, it was believed that both a man’s and a woman’s orgasm were required for conception. When the two-sex model gained momentum, women and men were viewed as radically different creatures, and the _____ orgasm became viewed as unnecessary

Answer 46

one-sex female

Question 47

What you do in the social world should be a direct result of who you are in the natural world. This statement refers to _____ determination

Answer 47

biological

Question 48

Bob and Sue paint their baby’s room pink as soon as they find out they are having a girl. They are beginning to provide the baby with her \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 48

gendered identity

Question 49

By looking at _______ findings in tribal societies, sociologists can see fluidity in gender, which helps us see that the boundaries within our own system of _____ may not be stable

Answer 49

anthropological gender

Question 50

\_\_\_\_\_\_ sensitivity would not be considered a positive trait or characteristic for a man within today’s _____ masculinity

Answer 50

Emotional hegemonic

Question 51

Similar to hegemonic masculinity, _____ problems that exist within a _____ in a society tend to be invisible because they are regarded as the \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 51

social dominant group norm