Quiz 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
The two broad approaches social scientists use to gather data about the social world are ____ and ____.
qualitative
quantitative.
A sociologist’s subject matter presents some difficult research problems of a kind that ____ scientists rarely have to deal with. Therefore, it is NOT possible to have completely controlled experiments to delineate ____.
natural
cause-and-effect relationships
The research method that uses information that can be converted to numerical form is ____
quantitative
Norm is interested in whether pet owners are more likely than those who do not own pets to have healthier lifestyles (e.g., exercise regularly, drink moderately, and refrain from nicotine use). By comparing the numbers he gathers on both groups, Norm will most likely be using ____ research methods.
quantitative
Conducting a survey about how often people attend church is an example of a ____ research method
quantitative
____ research describes people’s behavior in rich detail and focuses on the meanings people give to their actions
Qualitative
Elizabeth would like to conduct a study to determine how women define spousal abuse and the meanings they attach to their abuse. She would most likely use ____ research
qualitative
If Kate begins her research with a theory, then forms a hypothesis and makes some observations, she will be using ____
deductive methods
If Kate begins her research with a ____, then forms a ____ and makes some ____, she will be using deductive methods.
theory
hypothesis
observations
A researcher starts with a theory, forms hypotheses, makes observations, and then analyzes the data best describes the ____ approach to research
deductive
____ approach to sociological research starts with empirical observations and then works to form a theory
Inductive
Paula begins to notice that there are patterns to where people sit on the bus, and these patterns differ depending on whether the rider is male or female. Based on these observations, she generates larger ideas (____) about the behaviors of men and women. This is an example of of ____ research approach
theories
inductive
People with higher levels of income tend to enjoy better overall health, is the best example of a ____
correlation
____ is a simultaneous change in two variables
correlation
When one factor is said to influence another factor, we refer to this as ____
causality
____ is needed to establish causality
Time order
The three factors needed to establish causality are ____, ____, and ____
correlation
time order
ruling out alternative explanations
Establishing that something is the cause of something else is more difficult to do in ____ research
social science
In establishing ________, it helps to know which variable precedes the other in time. If not, it is easy to make a mistake involving _________
Causation
Reverse causality
A sociologist finds a strong relationship between education and income. If he only assumes that the amount of education people receive directly causes them to earn a certain income, and not that a family’s income can determine educational attainment, he is forgetting to consider _________
Reverse causality
Andy hypothesized that the stress created during economic downturns would increase the probability of spousal abuse. Stress would be considered the ________ variable, and spousal abuse would be considered the _________ variable
Independent
Dependent
Professor Brown hypothesizes that travel to other countries increases students’ abilities to do well in advanced sociology classes. Travel to other countries is the ________ variable
Independent
Factors that affect the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable are known as _______ variables.
Moderating
A moderating variable is a factor that affects the ________ between the _______ and _______ variables
Relationship
Independent
Dependent
