Quiz 2

Question 1

The two broad approaches social scientists use to gather data about the social world are ____ and ____.

Answer 1

qualitative

quantitative.

Question 2

A sociologist’s subject matter presents some difficult research problems of a kind that ____ scientists rarely have to deal with. Therefore, it is NOT possible to have completely controlled experiments to delineate ____.

Answer 2

natural

cause-and-effect relationships

Question 3

The research method that uses information that can be converted to numerical form is ____

Answer 3

quantitative

Question 4

Norm is interested in whether pet owners are more likely than those who do not own pets to have healthier lifestyles (e.g., exercise regularly, drink moderately, and refrain from nicotine use). By comparing the numbers he gathers on both groups, Norm will most likely be using ____ research methods.

Answer 4

quantitative

Question 5

Conducting a survey about how often people attend church is an example of a ____ research method

Answer 5

quantitative

Question 6

____ research describes people’s behavior in rich detail and focuses on the meanings people give to their actions

Answer 6

Qualitative

Question 7

Elizabeth would like to conduct a study to determine how women define spousal abuse and the meanings they attach to their abuse. She would most likely use ____ research

Answer 7

qualitative

Question 8

If Kate begins her research with a theory, then forms a hypothesis and makes some observations, she will be using ____

Answer 8

deductive methods

Question 9

If Kate begins her research with a ____, then forms a ____ and makes some ____, she will be using deductive methods.

Answer 9

theory

hypothesis

observations

Question 10

A researcher starts with a theory, forms hypotheses, makes observations, and then analyzes the data best describes the ____ approach to research

Answer 10

deductive

Question 11

____ approach to sociological research starts with empirical observations and then works to form a theory

Answer 11

Inductive

Question 12

Paula begins to notice that there are patterns to where people sit on the bus, and these patterns differ depending on whether the rider is male or female. Based on these observations, she generates larger ideas (____) about the behaviors of men and women. This is an example of of ____ research approach

Answer 12

theories

inductive

Question 13

People with higher levels of income tend to enjoy better overall health, is the best example of a ____

Answer 13

correlation

Question 14

____ is a simultaneous change in two variables

Answer 14

correlation

Question 15

When one factor is said to influence another factor, we refer to this as ____

Answer 15

causality

Question 16

____ is needed to establish causality

Answer 16

Time order

Question 17

The three factors needed to establish causality are ____, ____, and ____

Answer 17

correlation

time order

ruling out alternative explanations

Question 18

Establishing that something is the cause of something else is more difficult to do in ____ research

Answer 18

social science

Question 19

In establishing ________, it helps to know which variable precedes the other in time. If not, it is easy to make a mistake involving _________

Answer 19

Causation

Reverse causality

Question 20

A sociologist finds a strong relationship between education and income. If he only assumes that the amount of education people receive directly causes them to earn a certain income, and not that a family’s income can determine educational attainment, he is forgetting to consider _________

Answer 20

Reverse causality

Question 21

Andy hypothesized that the stress created during economic downturns would increase the probability of spousal abuse. Stress would be considered the ________ variable, and spousal abuse would be considered the _________ variable

Answer 21

Independent

Dependent

Question 22

Professor Brown hypothesizes that travel to other countries increases students’ abilities to do well in advanced sociology classes. Travel to other countries is the ________ variable

Answer 22

Independent

Question 23

Factors that affect the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable are known as _______ variables.

Answer 23

Moderating

Question 24

A moderating variable is a factor that affects the ________ between the _______ and _______ variables

Answer 24

Relationship

Independent

Dependent

Question 25

A variable that is thought to be influenced by another variable is known as the _______ variable

Answer 25

Dependent

Question 26

A variable that is thought to cause a change in another variable is called the ________ variable

Answer 26

Independent