Final Exam

Question 1

Where evaporation exceeds precipitation salinity is ______.

Answer 1

high

Question 2

Marine fossils are commonly found in the forests of western Pennsylvania, which is evidence of what?

Answer 2

area was once under a shallow sea when Pangea formed

Question 3

In the Cenozoic era, after the breakup of Pangea, the drifting land masses ______.

Answer 3

blocked the flow of water into the arctic ocean resulting in a cooling of the arctic and the triggering of an Ice Age

Question 4

What kind of body of water has the highest turnover rate?

Answer 4

river

Question 5

What replaces coral reefs from tropical waters in more temperate waters?

Answer 5

kelp forests

Question 6

thermal neutral zone

Answer 6

range of temperature over which metabolic rate of homeothermic animal doesn’t change

Question 7

What are the tree-dominated shores of tidal estuaries called?

Answer 7

mangrove swamps

Question 8

• study heat balance from Exam 1

Question 9

What is involved in determining an animal’s water balance?

Answer 9

-Wevaportation + W intake - Wwaste + Wair + Wmetabolism

Question 10

What is involved in determining a plant’s water balance?

Answer 10

Wroots + Wair - Wevaporation - Wsecretions

Question 11

What C:N ratio do animals and bacteria have?

Answer 11

5:1 (nitrogen-rich)

Question 12

What C:N ratio do plants have?

Answer 12

25:1 (not nitrogen-rich)

Question 13

What C:N ratio do fungi have?

Answer 13

10:1 (not nitrogen-rich)

Question 14

A dispersion index value > 1 indicates what kind of distribution?

Answer 14

clumped

Question 15

A dispersion index value = 1 indicates what kind of distribution?

Answer 15

random

Question 16

A dispersion index value < 1 indicates what kind of distribution?

Answer 16

uniform/regular

Question 17

What does a species’ range map tell you?

Answer 17

everywhere they might be found

Question 18

Continuous, unaltered population growth by organisms with overlapping generations is called ______.

Answer 18

exponential growth

Question 19

generation time

Answer 19

age at which females first start reproduction

Question 20

What kinds of mortality does type I survivorship indicate?

Answer 20

low juvenile; high adult

Question 21

An annual plant when initially colonizing an area will demonstrate what kind of growth?

Answer 21

geometric

Question 22

Population growth that slows as resources are depleted is ______ growth.

Answer 22

logistic

Question 23

When should natural selection favor production of many small offspring?

Answer 23

when conditions are highly variable

Question 24

semelparity

Answer 24

death after first reproduction

Question 25

What traits are present in r-selected species?

Answer 25

rapid development, early and singular reproduction, small body size, and many offspring

Question 26

Which group of organisms has the highest amount of variation in life histories?

Answer 26

fish

Question 27

In logistic growth (S-curve), where does intraspecific competition play the greatest role?

Answer 27

when populations are high - in upper part of S-curve

Question 28

How does resource depletion affect competitive exclusion?

Answer 28

speeds it up

Question 29

The outcome of real competitive exclusion ______.

Answer 29

depends on environmental conditions (and is often character displacement)

Question 30

A parasite that alters the behavior of its host to increase its transmission rate represents ______.

Answer 30

an exploitive relationship

Question 31

If there is no cost to plants to produce defensive compounds we would expect ______.

Answer 31

the same amount of compound to be present whether damaged or not

Question 32

How do coral benefit from mutualisms with zooxanthellae?

Answer 32

they provide photosynthetic products as food

Question 33

How long have mutualistic relationships been around?

Answer 33

1 billion years +

Question 34

Why is the fitness of both successful and unsuccessful mutualists grouped together?

Answer 34

they behave in the same manner so it is necessary for their fitness to be considered together

Question 35

When does mutualism persist?

Answer 35

when the combined fitness of successful and unsuccessful mutualists is greater than non-mutualists

Question 36

* study isoclines for predator, prey, and competition

Question 37

Write a simple mathematical equation that describes when a predator will focus on two prey items and ignore a third

Answer 37

E12/T > E123/T

Question 38

What does "R0" represent?

Answer 38

net reproductive rate

Question 39

What does "T" represent?

Answer 39

generation time

Question 40

What does "r" represent?

Answer 40

intrinsic rate of increase

Question 41

In competition isoclines, N1 is the ___ axis.

Answer 41

x

Question 42

In competition isoclines, K1 is on the ___ axis.

Answer 42

x

Question 43

What does "a" represent?

Answer 43

competitive effect