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final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

sergey uvarov

A

came up with the idea of “orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality”

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2
Q

philosophical letter

A

written in 1836 by petr chaadaev

said that russia wasn’t asia or europe, its lack of history was the result of leaving the catholic church, russia was sinning by allowing serfdom, and all of this culminated in russia having no future of progress

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3
Q

slavophiles

A

group against chaadaev’s letter because they believed that russia had its own specific culture, westernization ruined russia’s national identity, and idealized the peasants as ideal russian citizens

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4
Q

mir

A

peasant community

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5
Q

sobornost

A

means conciliation, where the tsar governs in accordance with the people

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6
Q

zemskii sobor

A

assembly of the land

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7
Q

slavophilism

A

evolution of slavophilia into nationalism, antisemitism, and panslavism (union of all slavic countries under russia against germany and austria)

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8
Q

main slavophiles

A

alexei khomiakov, ivan kireevski, sergey aksakov

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9
Q

main westernizers

A

timothy granovsky, alexander herzen, Mikhail bakunin

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10
Q

westernizers

A

group that believed russia was a part of europe, just behind in development, and also hoped russia would develop an educated middle class like the bourgeoisie

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11
Q

mikhail bakunin

A

very famous promoter of anarchism and was against karl marx’s ideologies

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12
Q

alexander ii’s reforms

A

abolition of serfdom in 1861

development of local self-governments and zemstvo (local elected assemblies)

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13
Q

terrorist organizations

A

earth and liberty (zemlja i volja)
the people’s will (narodnaja volja)

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14
Q

the people’s will

A

group that killed the tsar in march 1881

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15
Q

realism

A

describes life as is, focusing on social conditions, class relations, work, and money

russian realism focused on the economic decay of the nobility, rise of capitalism, and peasant life

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16
Q

literary populism

A

interest in peasant life that permeated all of russian culture

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17
Q

association of traveling art exhibitions

A

i.e. wanderers, itinerants

members include ilya resin, ivan karamskoy, nikolai bogdanov

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18
Q

“what is to be done”

A

novel by nikolai chernyshevski in where the protagonists idealize the people of the future and were pro-socialism

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19
Q

ivan turgenev

A

wrote “the sketches of a huntsman” and “fathers and sons”

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20
Q

ivan goncharov

A

wrote “oblomov”

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21
Q

fyodor dostoevsky

A

wrote “notes from the underground,” “crime and punishment,” “the idiot,” and “the brothers karamazov”

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22
Q

leo tolstoy

A

wrote “war and peace,” “anna karenina,” and “the death of ivan ilyich”

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23
Q

konstantin pobedonoststev

A

alexander ii’s minister who saw ethnic minorities as a threat to the regime

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24
Q

pogrom

A

mass murder of jews

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25
russian territory
caucasus (georgia, armenia, azerbaijan, checnya) central asia (uzbekistan, turkmenistan, kazakhstan) far east (southeast siberia, sakhalin islands)
26
symbolism
focused on the invisible and irrationalism (seek truth through art)
27
symbolist poets
konstantin balmont dmitry merezhkovsky valery bruisov zinaida gippius alexander blok andrey bely
28
gesamtkunstwerk
works of art that connected different media i.e. russian ballet (combining dancing, music, and painting)
29
reasons russia joined world war i
- scared by germany's growing power - obligated because of an alliance with france - wanted to counterbalance austrian influence in the balkans and ottoman influence in the black sea - nicholas ii wanted to use the war to regain a positive public opinion and capitalizing on their germanophobia
30
collapse of nicholas' regime
- high casualty numbers - poor agriculture - terrible winter - economic decline
31
the soviets
assembly of workers and soldiers
32
bolshevik revolution
military coup let by lenin on october 25, 1917 (labeled the october revolution)
33
russian soviet federative socialist republic political agenda
- end the war with germany - abolition of private property and confiscation of land - bolshevik dictatorship - nationalization of the economy - new political police (cheka) - brutal policy or food acquisition and redistribution
34
red terror
led to a civil war (1918 - 1922) between the red army (bolsheviks) and the white army (monarchic forces)
35
ussr arrangement
allegedly a federal union of independent socialist states, but power was centralized with no federation
36
nepmen
capitalist
37
new economic policy
partially capitalist policy that healed the ussr's economy
38
futurist poets
david burlyuk vladimir mayakovsky velimir khlebnikov
39
cubofuturist artists
Natalia goncharova mikhail larionov aleksandra ekster lyubov popova
40
constructivists
vladimir tatlin alexander rodchenko
41
supermatists
kazimir malevich el lissitzky
42
avant-garde
artists that were modernists who embraced the revolution
43
avant-garde filmmakers
lev kuleshov dziga vertov sergei eisenstein
44
kuleshov effect
film tactic where images are only meaningful in context
45
kinoks
"cinema eye" film tactic where the camera is superior to the human eye
46
montage
film theory by eisenstein
47
man with a movie camera
1929 film by dziga vertov
48
eisenstein films
the strike battleship potemkin october
49
death of lenin
1924
50
kolkhozy
collective farm
51
sovkhozy
state farms
52
kulaks
affluent peasants (a.k.a. class traitors)
53
famine
killed 5 - 7 million people across ukraine, north caucasus, and kazakhstan
54
1934
assassination of sergei kirov, leading to a new wave of political repression
55
three moscow trials
stalin's competitors in the bolshevik party who were found guilty due to fabricate evidence and therefore sentenced to death
56
nikolai ezhov
head of the nkvd
57
great terror
a.k.a. "great purge," "ezhovshina" massive wave of arrests in 1937 1.6 million arrested, including old bolsheviks, ancient socialist revolutionaries, priests, former white army soldiers, and ethnic minorities
58
labor camps
14 million people passed through 1.7 million deaths
59
stalinist propaganda
propaganda helped the population accept stalin's regime young pioneers was a stalinist school organization komsomol (pro-leninist organization)
60
soviet "new man"
- disciplined - well-educated - hard worker - puts the collective before the individual
61
enemies of the soviet regime
class enemies (aristocrats, bourgeois, clergymen) political enemies (trotskyists) ethnic enemies (volga germans, crimean tatars, chechens) foreign enemies (fascists, imperialists)
62
propaganda heroes
shock worker alexei stakhanov and self-sacrificing pavlik morozov
63
stalin's cult of personality
- all-knowing - all-powerful - lenin's best pupil and sole heir - best of collective farm workers - best of shock workers - father to all soviet people
64
culture one
- horizontal - disruptive - futuristic - technological - anti-hierarchic - emphasizes movement and destruction
65
culture two
- vertical - hierarchic - anthropomorphic - archaic - emphasizes enclosure and immobility
66
the twelve
poem written by alexander blok in 1918 twelve bolshevik soldiers march in petrograd during the winter and find christ in a snowstorm represents the violence of the revolution and embraces it as the birth of a new world
67
we
novel written by evgeni zamyatin in 1920 inspired george orwell's 1984, as everything is government-regulated and dystopian
68
requiem
poem written by anna akhmatova about her experience as a mother weeping for her imprisoned son and alternating between hope and despair
69
the thaw
period when nikita krushshchev liberalized soviet society, denouncing stalin and his cult of personality
70
one day in the life of ivan denisovich
novel written by alexander solzhenistyn denounces the gulag and the dehumanization the prisoners experience ivan denisovich represents an orthodox martyr and uses his suffering to get closer to christ

russian culture (3 decks)

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