midterm one Flashcards
(41 cards)
nomadic invaders
scythians (7 BC)
samaritans (3 BC)
goths (3 BC)
huns (4 AD)
avars (4 AD)
khazars (7 AD)
slavic tribes
patriarchal society with no written laws
no language or alphabet to write with
believed in paganism and pagan gods
old russan - drevnerusskiy yazyk
mongol invasion
1240
results in another tribal split
northeast - russia
northwest - belarus
southwest - ukraine
evangelization
greek byzantium sent monks cyril and methodius to evangelize the bulgars first
they invented the cyrillic language based on the sounds of the southern slavic language
language was invented because slavs had to read the bible to be evangelized
cyril and methodius became orthodox saints
bylinas
illiteracy was widespread, leading to a rich oral culture
a talk of what was or what happened, formatted as verse
each tale has a few hundred verses
approximately 400 bylines total
east slavic knights - bogatyrs
ilya muromets
kievan bogatyr from murom
represented peasants
brave and moral
dobryina nikitich
kievan bogatyr
represents aristocrats
regal and refined
aliosha popovich
kievan bogatyr
represented clergy
shrewd and intelligent
enemies of the kievan russ
the bogatyrs were all allies
zhodovin, modeled after the khazars
tugarin, a dragon modeled after the tugor khan
why did the kievan russ collapse?
- too big with no infrastructure
- too dependent on one trading route
- too dependent on a limited number of commercial partners (constantinople and baghdad)
- new dynastic system kept the country in constant chaos and civil war
- nomadic invasions (10th century: pechenegs, 11th century: polovtsians, 13th century: mongols)
social functions of icons
incarnate god’s presence
call for prayer
instruct believers and tell biblical stories
perform miracles
icon subjects
icon of the savior/image of the edessa/the mandylion
- face of christ on a cloth
icon of the virgin
- face is always sorrowful due to christ’s sacrifice
the deisis (jesus, mary, and saint john the baptist)
- mary and john ask christ to forgive humankind
hagiographic icons
- visual narrative of a saint’s life in small border squares
the tale of igor’s campaign
(slovo o polku igoreve)
based on the 1185 battle between prince igor and the polovtsians
battle - igor’s defeat - igor’s captivity - yaroslava’s lament - igor’s escape back to his principality
represents binary opposition (i.e. good versus evil)
underlying political message criticizing the dissent between kievan princes
apanage
land younger brothers would inherit from their older brothers
consequences of nomadic invasions
- demographic collapse
- massive infrastructure destruction
- led to mass migration (northwest migrants formed russia)
- russ was cut off from europe and byzantium, causing a lack of development and innovation
northwest principalities
novgorod (the great) and suzdal (moscow)
kremlin
fortress
novgorod political institutions
prince
assembly of freemen (vieche)
mayor
chief of police
the battle of kulikovo
occurred in 1380
brought together several principalities and their armies behind moscow
used an icon of the holy virgin from vladimir, adding a religious dimension
first russian victory over the mongols
year of evangelization
988
ivan iii
he marries zoe paleologus (byzantine emperor’s niece)
he takes the paleologue coat of arms, declaring himself heir to the byzantine (and by proxy, the roman) empire
“caesar” becomes “czar”, meaning emperor
moscow, third rome
historical theory written by the monk philotea
first rome: rome, fell because of being conquered by barbarians and committed heresy by being catholic
second rome: constantinople, fell because of being conquered by the turks
third, and final, rome: moscow, will not fall
arkhangelsk
port city on the white sea, built in 1548
boyars
old nobility
