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emergency care and prevention > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

List 4 barriers that cause people not to act

A

Misdiagnosing
Fear of catching a disease
Fear of being sued
Doing something wrong
Untrained

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2
Q

What are the emergency action steps and explain each

A

1.Recognize that an emergency exists
Unusual (noises,sights,odors,appearances)
2.Decide to act
3.Activate EMS system
4.Give care

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3
Q

What should you always take into consideration before you decide to act?

A

is the scene safe?

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4
Q

when blood and oxygen supply to the heart is reduced or completely blocked due to coronary heart disease

A

heart attack

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5
Q

Heart stops or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs

A

cardiac arrest

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6
Q

Ventricles contract too quickly

A

V-Tach

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7
Q

Chaotic activity, electrical impulses fire at random (most common)

A

V-Fib

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8
Q

Explain how you would care for a seizure

A

Call 9-1-1
Do not try to stop the seizure
Do not put anything in person’s mouth
Remove all nearby objects
Make sure airway is open after seizure
Roll them onto their side

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9
Q

How long should you check for signs of life during CPR(min. vs. max)

A

5-10 seconds

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10
Q

Call 1st

A

cardiac arrest

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11
Q

care 1st

A

choking

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12
Q

Name some signs and symptoms of a heart attack.

A

Clutching chest
Unresponsiveness
Neausea/ vomiting
Sweating
Feeling of anxiety
Dizziness/lightheaded
pale/ashy skin
Shortness of breath

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13
Q

Why is aspirin useful when treating heart attack victims?

A

Thins blood and prevents clotting

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14
Q

Explain how you would care for snakebites.

A

Call 9-1-1 immediately
Wash the wound
Apply bandage above and below the bite

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15
Q

Explain how you would care for insect stings

A

Remove any visible stingers with clean fingernail, plastic card, tweezers
Wash with soap and water
Cover with clean sterile bandage
Apply cold pack to area to reduce pain and swelling
Call 9-1-1 if person has trouble breathing or a reaction

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16
Q

List and explain the steps of the Cardiac Chain of survival.

A

Call 9-1-1
Early CPR
Early AED
Give care

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17
Q

Contrast heart attack symptoms for a man vs. woman.

A

Men:
“Classic signs”
Chest pain
Shoulders and back pain
Pain in 1 or both arms
Women:
Extreme fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Shortness of breath

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18
Q

muscle spasms usually in the legs and abdomen

A

heat cramps

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19
Q

care for heat cramps

A

Gently massage the affected area and replenish electrolytes

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20
Q

More severe than heat cramps

A

heat exhaustion

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21
Q

care for heat exhaustion

A

Get the person out of the heat, give them 4 oz of fluid every 15 minutes

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22
Q

Least common but most severe. When people ignore the symptoms of heat exhaustion and the body systems become overwhelmed and can’t cool itself

A

heat stroke

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23
Q

care for heat stroke

A

Call 9-1-1 immediately
Douse the person in cool water, add towels and cold packs

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24
Q

the freezing body parts exposed to the cold and wind

A

frostbite

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25
Q

care for frostbite

A

Minor: rewarm using skin to skin
Severe: Soak in warm water, never rub

26
Q

the body’s inability to remain warm

A

hypothermia

27
Q

care for hypothermia

A

Call 9-1-1
Remove all wet clothing
Get person to warm place
Wrap in warm blankets and apply heat packs

27
Q

care for hypothermia

A

Call 9-1-1
Remove all wet clothing
Get person to warm place
Wrap in warm blankets and apply heat packs

28
Q

What should you do if a choking victim becomes unconscious?

A

Call 9-1-1, lay them on the floor and begin CPR

28
Q

What should you do if a choking victim becomes unconscious?

A

Call 9-1-1, lay them on the floor and begin CPR

29
Q

Explain how to care for injuries to bones, muscles and joints

A

R.I.C.E.

30
Q

Explain how blood is oxygenated through the heart

A

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right side of the body (veins) and is pumped to lungs for oxygen, then leaves from the left side to go to the organs (arteries)

31
Q

Explain how to care for soft tissue injuries

A

Monitor and look for any signs of shock or distended abdomen, call 9-1-1 if necessary

32
Q

Explain “implied consent” and when it is typically used.

A

When a victim is unconscious, unable to respond, mentally impaired or ill. You should give care. Children and the parent is not around. Person is alone.

33
Q

What should you do if a conscious victim does not give consent?

A

Do not treat them but call 9-1-1

34
Q

How would you check an unconscious person?

A

Tap person on shoulder and ask if they are okay (sternum rub)
No signs of life, call 9-1-1
Look, listen, and feel for signs of life
Scan the body from head to toe with your ear to mouth and nose
Listen for breathing
Feel for pulse

35
Q

List and explain the steps to “S.A.M.P.L.E.”

A

S- signs and symptoms
A- allergies
M- medications
P- pertinent medical history
L- last food/drink
E- events up to the incident

36
Q

What are some triggers that may cause asthma?

A

Tobacco
Dust
Pollen
Pets
Mold

37
Q

Explain R.I.C.E.

A

R- Rest
Do not move or straighten the injured area
I- Immobilize
Stabilize injured area in position it was forced
C- Cold
Apply ice packs
E- Elevate
Elevate injured area

38
Q

How far should compression penetrate (inches) on an adult, child and infant.

A

Adult: 2 inches
Child: about 2 inches
Infant: 1 ½ inches

39
Q

What are normal blood glucose levels?

A

70-125 mg
Post meal: 126- 140
Pre diabetes: 140-199 (over 200 = diabetes)

40
Q

Name and explain 3 types of splints.

A

Atomic Splints: person’s body is the splint
Soft splint: using towels, folded blankets or pillows to immobilize area (boots)
Rigid splint: Folded magazines, newspaper or metal strips used to support injury (boots)

41
Q

Why is it important to interview a conscious victim?

A

to find the cause

42
Q

Anaphylaxis symptoms and care

A

Symptoms:
Hives
Rash
Itching
Nausea
Vomiting
Care:
Epi-pen
Cream

43
Q

What is the correct epi-pen dosage for a child?

A

0.15 mg (0.3 mg adult)

44
Q

If someone has a pulse but no signs of breathing, what could possibly be happening?

A

they are choking

45
Q

Hypo vs. Hyper

A

Hypo: low
Hyper: high

46
Q

Explain “shock” and what are some common symptoms?

A

The body’s response to a sudden drop in blood pressure
Pale skin
Trouble breathing
Anxiety
Rapid heartbeat

47
Q

What effect does drinking alcohol have on choking(adults)

A

Alcohol dulls the nerve to aid in swallowing

48
Q

Explain the types of diabetes and treatment.

A

Type 1 (juvenile)- when the body produces little or no insulin
Type 2- most common, the body makes insulin but not enough the body needs or is resistant

49
Q

wounds that cause a break in the skin that can be minor or severe

A

open wound

50
Q

developed when the body is bumped or hit thus causing damage to soft tissue layers Beneath the skin (internal bleeding)

A

closed wound

51
Q

4 different types of burns

A
  1. heat
  2. chemical
  3. electrical
  4. radiation
52
Q

care for a heat burn

A

Stop source of burn
Do not try to clean
Cool burn with large amounts of cold water
Cover burn loosely with sterile dressing

53
Q

care for a chemical burn

A

Brush off chemicals using a towel or gloved hand
Call 9-1-1 if needed
Flush with cool running water for at least 20 minutes, do not get chemicals on you
If possible, have person remove clothing

54
Q

care for electrical burns

A

Turn off power at its source
Call 9-1-1
Be aware electrocution can cause cardiac arrest

55
Q

care for radiation burns

A

Cool burn and protect area (heat burn)

56
Q

List the classifications of burns and explain each.

A

1.Superficial (1st degree)
Involve top layer of skin
Skin becomes red and dry
2.Partial thickness (2nd degree)
Involves top layer of skin
Blisters may appear
3.Full thickness (3rd degree)
May destroy all layers of skin including fat
Skin may become black or brown

57
Q

Contrast Anaphylaxis and Asthma.

A

Anaphylaxis:
Cause by an outside source (antigens) (bees or food)
Immune system overreacts
Need an epi-pen or medical care to cure
Asthma:
Inflammation of air passages
Pump is needed for relief

58
Q

Review all certification skills sheets.

A

AED
CPR
Choking

emergency care and prevention (9 decks)

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