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emergency care and prevention > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

List 4 barriers that cause people not to act

A

Misdiagnosing
Fear of catching a disease
Fear of being sued
Doing something wrong
Untrained

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2
Q

What are the emergency action steps and explain each

A

1.Recognize that an emergency exists
Unusual (noises,sights,odors,appearances)
2.Decide to act
3.Activate EMS system
4.Give care

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3
Q

What should you always take into consideration before you decide to act?

A

is the scene safe?

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4
Q

when blood and oxygen supply to the heart is reduced or completely blocked due to coronary heart disease

A

heart attack

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5
Q

Heart stops or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs

A

cardiac arrest

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6
Q

Ventricles contract too quickly

A

V-Tach

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7
Q

Chaotic activity, electrical impulses fire at random (most common)

A

V-Fib

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8
Q

Explain how you would care for a seizure

A

Call 9-1-1
Do not try to stop the seizure
Do not put anything in person’s mouth
Remove all nearby objects
Make sure airway is open after seizure
Roll them onto their side

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9
Q

How long should you check for signs of life during CPR(min. vs. max)

A

5-10 seconds

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10
Q

Call 1st

A

cardiac arrest

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11
Q

care 1st

A

choking

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12
Q

Name some signs and symptoms of a heart attack.

A

Clutching chest
Unresponsiveness
Neausea/ vomiting
Sweating
Feeling of anxiety
Dizziness/lightheaded
pale/ashy skin
Shortness of breath

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13
Q

Why is aspirin useful when treating heart attack victims?

A

Thins blood and prevents clotting

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14
Q

Explain how you would care for snakebites.

A

Call 9-1-1 immediately
Wash the wound
Apply bandage above and below the bite

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15
Q

Explain how you would care for insect stings

A

Remove any visible stingers with clean fingernail, plastic card, tweezers
Wash with soap and water
Cover with clean sterile bandage
Apply cold pack to area to reduce pain and swelling
Call 9-1-1 if person has trouble breathing or a reaction

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16
Q

List and explain the steps of the Cardiac Chain of survival.

A

Call 9-1-1
Early CPR
Early AED
Give care

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17
Q

Contrast heart attack symptoms for a man vs. woman.

A

Men:
“Classic signs”
Chest pain
Shoulders and back pain
Pain in 1 or both arms
Women:
Extreme fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Shortness of breath

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18
Q

muscle spasms usually in the legs and abdomen

A

heat cramps

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19
Q

care for heat cramps

A

Gently massage the affected area and replenish electrolytes

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20
Q

More severe than heat cramps

A

heat exhaustion

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21
Q

care for heat exhaustion

A

Get the person out of the heat, give them 4 oz of fluid every 15 minutes

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22
Q

Least common but most severe. When people ignore the symptoms of heat exhaustion and the body systems become overwhelmed and can’t cool itself

A

heat stroke

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23
Q

care for heat stroke

A

Call 9-1-1 immediately
Douse the person in cool water, add towels and cold packs

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24
Q

the freezing body parts exposed to the cold and wind

A

frostbite

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25
care for frostbite
Minor: rewarm using skin to skin Severe: Soak in warm water, never rub
26
the body’s inability to remain warm
hypothermia
27
care for hypothermia
Call 9-1-1 Remove all wet clothing Get person to warm place Wrap in warm blankets and apply heat packs
27
care for hypothermia
Call 9-1-1 Remove all wet clothing Get person to warm place Wrap in warm blankets and apply heat packs
28
What should you do if a choking victim becomes unconscious?
Call 9-1-1, lay them on the floor and begin CPR
28
What should you do if a choking victim becomes unconscious?
Call 9-1-1, lay them on the floor and begin CPR
29
Explain how to care for injuries to bones, muscles and joints
R.I.C.E.
30
Explain how blood is oxygenated through the heart
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right side of the body (veins) and is pumped to lungs for oxygen, then leaves from the left side to go to the organs (arteries)
31
Explain how to care for soft tissue injuries
Monitor and look for any signs of shock or distended abdomen, call 9-1-1 if necessary
32
Explain “implied consent” and when it is typically used.
When a victim is unconscious, unable to respond, mentally impaired or ill. You should give care. Children and the parent is not around. Person is alone.
33
What should you do if a conscious victim does not give consent?
Do not treat them but call 9-1-1
34
How would you check an unconscious person?
Tap person on shoulder and ask if they are okay (sternum rub) No signs of life, call 9-1-1 Look, listen, and feel for signs of life Scan the body from head to toe with your ear to mouth and nose Listen for breathing Feel for pulse
35
List and explain the steps to “S.A.M.P.L.E.”
S- signs and symptoms A- allergies M- medications P- pertinent medical history L- last food/drink E- events up to the incident
36
What are some triggers that may cause asthma?
Tobacco Dust Pollen Pets Mold
37
Explain R.I.C.E.
R- Rest Do not move or straighten the injured area I- Immobilize Stabilize injured area in position it was forced C- Cold Apply ice packs E- Elevate Elevate injured area
38
How far should compression penetrate (inches) on an adult, child and infant.
Adult: 2 inches Child: about 2 inches Infant: 1 ½ inches
39
What are normal blood glucose levels?
70-125 mg Post meal: 126- 140 Pre diabetes: 140-199 (over 200 = diabetes)
40
Name and explain 3 types of splints.
Atomic Splints: person’s body is the splint Soft splint: using towels, folded blankets or pillows to immobilize area (boots) Rigid splint: Folded magazines, newspaper or metal strips used to support injury (boots)
41
Why is it important to interview a conscious victim?
to find the cause
42
Anaphylaxis symptoms and care
Symptoms: Hives Rash Itching Nausea Vomiting Care: Epi-pen Cream
43
What is the correct epi-pen dosage for a child?
0.15 mg (0.3 mg adult)
44
If someone has a pulse but no signs of breathing, what could possibly be happening?
they are choking
45
Hypo vs. Hyper
Hypo: low Hyper: high
46
Explain “shock” and what are some common symptoms?
The body’s response to a sudden drop in blood pressure Pale skin Trouble breathing Anxiety Rapid heartbeat
47
What effect does drinking alcohol have on choking(adults)
Alcohol dulls the nerve to aid in swallowing
48
Explain the types of diabetes and treatment.
Type 1 (juvenile)- when the body produces little or no insulin Type 2- most common, the body makes insulin but not enough the body needs or is resistant
49
wounds that cause a break in the skin that can be minor or severe
open wound
50
developed when the body is bumped or hit thus causing damage to soft tissue layers Beneath the skin (internal bleeding)
closed wound
51
4 different types of burns
1. heat 2. chemical 3. electrical 4. radiation
52
care for a heat burn
Stop source of burn Do not try to clean Cool burn with large amounts of cold water Cover burn loosely with sterile dressing
53
care for a chemical burn
Brush off chemicals using a towel or gloved hand Call 9-1-1 if needed Flush with cool running water for at least 20 minutes, do not get chemicals on you If possible, have person remove clothing
54
care for electrical burns
Turn off power at its source Call 9-1-1 Be aware electrocution can cause cardiac arrest
55
care for radiation burns
Cool burn and protect area (heat burn)
56
List the classifications of burns and explain each.
1.Superficial (1st degree) Involve top layer of skin Skin becomes red and dry 2.Partial thickness (2nd degree) Involves top layer of skin Blisters may appear 3.Full thickness (3rd degree) May destroy all layers of skin including fat Skin may become black or brown
57
Contrast Anaphylaxis and Asthma.
Anaphylaxis: Cause by an outside source (antigens) (bees or food) Immune system overreacts Need an epi-pen or medical care to cure Asthma: Inflammation of air passages Pump is needed for relief
58
Review all certification skills sheets.
AED CPR Choking

emergency care and prevention (9 decks)

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