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Nursing Fundamentals > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Informed Consent

A

An agreement by a client to accept a course of treatment or a procedure after being provided complete information.

-Expressed (Oral/Written)
-Implied (Non-verbal)

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2
Q

5 Rights of Delegation

A

-Right task
-Right circumstances
-Right person
-Right direction & communication
-Right supervision & evaluation

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3
Q

LPN

A

Basic / predictable situation

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4
Q

RN

A

Complex / not predictable situations

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5
Q

Negligence

A

misconduct or practice that is below the standard expected of ordinary, reasonable, and prudent person

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6
Q

Malpractice

A

professional negligence

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7
Q

Assault

A

to threaten someone

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8
Q

Battery

A

touching of another person without the person’s consent

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9
Q

False Imprisonment

A

clients are made to believe they cannot leave a place

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10
Q

Defamation

A

information is communicated to a 3rd party that causes damage to someone else’s reputation

libel-writing
slander-verbally

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11
Q

Autonomy

A

right to make one’s own decision

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12
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

do no harm

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13
Q

Beneficence

A

doing good

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14
Q

Justice

A

Fairness

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15
Q

Fidelity

A

to be faithful to agreements/promises

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16
Q

Veracity

A

truth-telling

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17
Q

Client Advocate

A

acts to protect the client

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18
Q

5 Steps to Nursing Process

A

Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Planning
Interventions
Evaluation

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19
Q

Nursing Diagnosis

A

the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems

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20
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
BOTTOM TO TOP

A

Physiological needs
Safety
Love
Self-esteem
Self-actualization

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21
Q

Which of these is an example of a primary source of data?

a) the client
b) the client’s family
c) the client’s record
d) the client’s physician

A

a) the client

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22
Q

Assessing includes which of the following activities?

a) Talking, writing, organizing, evaluating
b) Communicating, writing, listening, organizing
c) Collecting, organizing, validating, documenting
d) Communicating, listening, collecting, documenting

A

c) Collecting, organizing, validating, documenting

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23
Q

What is a key characteristic of nursing diagnosis?

a) they refer to conditions that nurses are educated and licensed to treat
b) they are judgements made prior to data collection
c) they include a few independent nursing functions that must be ordered by the physician
d) they must be agreed upon by the physician and client

A

a) they refer to conditions that nurses are educated and licensed to treat

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24
Q

Which of the following is a complete nursing diagnosis statement?

a) ineffective individual coping as evidenced by alcoholism
b) ineffective individual coping related to loss of job as evidence by increased daily use of alcohol
c) ineffective individual coping as evidenced by increased daily use of alcohol
d) ineffective individual coping related to increased use of alcohol

A

b) ineffective individual coping related to loss of job as evidence by increased daily use of alcohol

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25
Q

Which of the following is a description of a useful goal or desired outcome?

a) they begin with “the client will…” and are measurable & realistic
b) they begin with “the nurse will…” and are realistic, measurable, and considered important by the client
c) they begin with “the nurse will…” and are measurable and realistic
d) they begin with “the client will…” and include the medical diagnosis

A

b) they begin with “the nurse will…” and are realistic, measurable, and considered important by the client

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26
Q

Which of the following is a purpose of the desired outcomes or goals?

a) it provides direction for discharge planning
b) it provides direction for planning nursing interventions
c) it delineates the roles of the client and the nurse
d) it itemizes what needs to be done

A

b) it provides direction for planning nursing interventions

27
Q

Which of the following examples best demonstrates the need for reassessing a client before implementing a planned intervention?

a) just before doing relaxation exercises, the client complains of tenseness
b) just before ambulating a client for the first time, the nurse checked the blood pressure and the reading is very low for the client
c) the client’s incision is inflamed and the nurse is ready to change the dressing
d) the client complains of agitation while the nurse is offering an anti-anxiety medication

A

b) just before ambulating a client for the first time, the nurse checked the blood pressure and the reading is very low for the client

28
Q

Colonization

A

multiplication of micro-organisms

does not result in cellular damage

29
Q

Infection

A

an invasion & multiplication of micro-organisms in body tissue that results in cellular injury

30
Q

4 Major types of Micro-organisms

A

-Bacteria
-Viruses
-Fungi
-Parasites

31
Q

Stages of Infectious Process

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodromal
  3. Illness
  4. Convalescence
32
Q

Most common sites of Nosocomial Infections

A

-urinary tract
-surgical sites
-bloodstream
-respiratory tract

33
Q

Clostridium Difficile

A

a spore-producing bacillius

infects the GI tract

transfered-indirectly

34
Q

Chain of Infection

A

-Infectious Agent
-Reservoir or source
-Portal of exit
-Mode of Transmission
-Portal of Entry
-Susceptible Host

35
Q

Modes of Transmission

A

-Contract
-Droplet
-Airborne
-Vehicle
-Vector

36
Q

Non-Specific Immune Defense

A

-Skin/Normal flora
-Mucous membranes
-Sneeze
-Cough
-Tears
-Elimination
-Inflammation

37
Q

Stages of the Inflammatory Response

A

1st Stage- vascular & cellular response
2nd Stage- exudate(pus) production
3rd Stage- Reparative

38
Q

Specific Immune Defense

A

Antibody- B cells
Cell- T cells

39
Q

Humoral Immunity

A

Active Immunity
-infection
-vaccination
Passive Immunity
-Nursing mother
-Artificial antibodies

40
Q

HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus

A

cell-mediated immunity is lost

41
Q

Neutrophils

A

WBC
Bacteria

42
Q

Lymphocytes

A

WBC
Viral

43
Q

Medical Asepsis

A

practice that reduces the number & spread of micro-org. (clean technique)

44
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A

practices that eliminate all micro-org. & spores from an area (surgical asepsis)

45
Q

Antiseptics

A

agents inhibit the growth of some micro-org.

46
Q

Disinfectants

A

agents that destroy pathogens other than spores

47
Q

Sterilization

A

destroys all micro-org. & spores

48
Q

An example of a specific body defense against infection is

A

Vaccinations

49
Q

Describe the different cleanliness of wounds

A

Clean wounds
Clean contaminated wounds
Contaminated wounds
Dirty & infected wounds

50
Q

Incision

A

straight cut

51
Q

Contusion

A

bruise

52
Q

Abrasion

A

scrap

53
Q

Laceration

A

jagged edge

54
Q

Avulsion

A

skin tears

55
Q

Puncture

A

sharp object punches

56
Q

Penetrating wounds

A

gun shots/stabbing wound

57
Q

Thickness of wounds

A

Partial thickness (dermis & epidermis)
Full thickness ( dermis, epidermis, SQ, muscle, bone)

58
Q

Burns degrees

A

1-4
4 being the worst

59
Q

Ischemia

A

lack of blood supply

60
Q

Thickness of wounds

A

Partial thickness (dermis & epidermis)
Full thickness ( dermis, epidermis, SQ, muscle, bone)

61
Q

Maceration

A

Tissue

62
Q

Excoriation

A

loss of superficial layer of skin

63
Q

Pressure Ulcer Stages

A

Stage 1- Redness
Stage 2- Abrasion
Stage 3- Fat Layer
Stage 4- Muscle & Bone
Suspected Deep Tissue Injury- Purple/maroon
Unstageable-Slough/Eschar

Nursing Fundamentals (12 decks)

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