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Nursing Fundamentals > LP 12-15 > Flashcards

LP 12-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Consequences of Poor Pain Management

A

Sleep Deprivation
Poor Nutrition
Depression
Anxiety
Agitation
Decreased Activity
Delayed Healing
Lower Quality of Life

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2
Q

The Nature of Pain is

A

Subjective

whatever the person experiencing it says it is

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3
Q

Types of Pain

A

Location
Duration
-Acute
-Chronic (3 months +)
Intensity
Etiology
-Physiological
-Neuropathic

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4
Q

Intensity 0-10

A

1-3 = mild pain
4-6 = moderate pain
7-10 = severe pain

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5
Q

The nurse assessing a client experiencing acute pain does not anticipating assessing which of the following signs or symptoms?

a) increased pulse rate
b) skin warm & dry
c) dilated pupils
d) increased respiratory rate

A

b) skin warm & dry

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6
Q

Threshold

A

least amount of stimuli needed for a pain sensation

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7
Q

Tolerance

A

maximum amount of pain a person is willing to withstand

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8
Q

Hyperalgesia/Hyperpathia

A

heightened responses to a painful stimuli

-severe pain

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9
Q

Allodynia

A

non-painful stimuli produces pain

-light touch/wind

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10
Q

Dysesthesia

A

an unpleasant abnormal sensation

-pin/needles/itching/burning

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11
Q

Sensitization

A

increased sensitivity

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12
Q

Windup

A

progressive increase in excitability & sensitivity of spinal cord neurons, leading to persistent increased pain

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13
Q

Nociception

A

pain receptor

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14
Q

Phases of Nociception

A

1st-Transduction (ibuprofen)
2nd- Transmission (narcotics)
3rd- Perception (distractions)
4th- Modulation (antidepressants)

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15
Q

African Americans believe pain is

A

a part of life and should be endured

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16
Q

Hispanic/Latino believe

A

enduring pain is a sign of strength

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17
Q

Asian Americans

A

value silence
Janpanese may be stoic

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18
Q

Native Americans pain

A

Less expressive

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19
Q

Arab Americans pain

A

express pain to family, not health professionals

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20
Q

FLACC Scale

A

Face expressions
Leg Movement
Activity
Cry
Consolability

2 months-7years old

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21
Q

PAINAD Scale

A

Pain
Assesment
IN
Advanced Dementia

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22
Q

PAINAD Scale scores

A

Noisy Labored Breathing
Occasional Moan
Sad
Tense
Reassured by voice

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23
Q

OLDCARTS

A

Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Aggravating Factors
Relieving Factors
Treatment
Severity

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24
Q

Drug Tolerance

A

decreased sensitivity

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25
Q

Physical Dependence Narcotics

A

-withdrawal signs/symptoms

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26
Q

Addiction

A

craving for a substance
lack of control
compulsive use
continue use despite harm

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27
Q

Pseudo addiction

A

results from under treatment of the pain

client becomes so focused on obtaining meds for pain relief that they become angry and demanding

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28
Q

CDC Guidelines for Opioids

A

Short term (3 days or less, start low)
Not first line or routine for chronic pain

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29
Q

What are NSAIDs?

A

Nonopioids
work on PNS

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30
Q

Types of NSAIDs?

A

Ibuprofen
Asprin
Naproxen

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31
Q

What are Opiods?

A

Narcotics
work on CNS

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32
Q

Types of Opiods

A

Morphine
Fetanyl
Oxycodone
Tramadol

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33
Q

What is a Coanalgesic?

A

a med developed for another reason, but has been found to reduce certain pain

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34
Q

Types of Coanalgesic

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants (nortrityline, amitriptyline)
Anticonvulsants (Gabapentin,Pregablin)
Topical Anesthetic (Lidoderm)

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35
Q

Combination Opioid & Nonopioid analgesics

A

Vicodin
Percocet
Tylenol #3

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36
Q

NSAIDs Side Effects

A

gastric ulcers
increased bleeding
renal insufficiency

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37
Q

Acetaminophen Side Effects

A

Hepatotoxicity

Limit to <4 grams per day in healthy people
3 grams is better

38
Q

Opioid Side Effects

A

Constipation (stool softener/stimulant)
Nausea & Vomiting (antiemetic)
Sedation (Stimulant or other route)
Respiratory Depression (Narcan)
Pruitus (Benadryl)
Urinary Retention (change/lower dose; cath)

39
Q

Capnography

A

monitoring of the concentration of carbon dioxide in resp. gases

40
Q

PCA

A

Patient Controlled Analgesia

41
Q

Nonpharmacologic Pain Management

A

target body, mind, and social interactions

42
Q

Physical Interventions for Pain

A

-Cutaneous stimulation (massage)
-Reflexology
-Immobilization
-Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

43
Q

Cognitive/Behavioral Interventions

A

-Distraction
-Relaxation response
-Repaatterning unhelpful thinking
-Facilltating coping
-Spiritual interventions

44
Q

Nonpharmacologic Invasive Techniques

A

Nerve block

45
Q

Types of Loss

A

-Actual
-Perceived

46
Q

Grief

A

the response to a loss

47
Q

Mourning

A

the behavioral process of resolving grief

48
Q

Kubler-Ross’s stages of Grief

A

-Denial
-Anger
-Bargaining
-Depression
-Acceptance

49
Q

Anticipatory Grieving

A

-expected

50
Q

Complicated Grieving

A

-Ongoing, heightened state of mourning that inhibits one from healing and restructuring one’s life after a loss

51
Q

Death and Dying Concepts

A

5 YEARS OLD
-sleep
9 YEARS OLD
-believes unrelated actions caused death; can aviod own death
18 YEARS OLD
-Fantasizes that death can be defied
18-45 YEARS OLD
-Influenced by religion/culture
45-65 YEARS OLD
-Accepts own mortality, death of parents; peaks of death and anxiety
65+ YEARS OLD
-fears prolonged illness; death of peers; sees death as having multiple meanings

52
Q

At which age does a child begin to accept that he or she will someday die?

A

9-12 years old

53
Q

Heart-lung Death

A

Cessation of apical pulse, respirations, and blood pressure

54
Q

Living Will

A

life sustaining measures when near death

55
Q

Power of Attorney for Health Care

A

agent able to make a wide range of health decisions

56
Q

What type of Nurse in WI can pronounce death?

A

Hospice

57
Q

DNR

A

Do Not Resuscitate

58
Q

Inquest

A

legal inquiry into the cause or manner of death (accidents)

59
Q

Cremation is discouraged by

A

Mormon
Islamic
Jehovah’s Witness

60
Q

Organ donation is opposed by

A

Mulisms
Jehovah’s Witness

61
Q

Autopsy is opposed by

A

Jews
Muslims
Jehovah’s Witness

62
Q

Prolonging Life is discouraged by

A

Christian Scientists

63
Q

Closed awareness

A

person that is dying is not aware

64
Q

Mutual Pretense

A

everyone knows but no one talks about it

65
Q

Open awareness

A

Open about it/share feelings

66
Q

Signs of Death

A

Loss of Muscle tone
Slowing of circulation
Changes in respirations
Sensory impairment

67
Q

Upper Respiratory

A

Above throat

68
Q

Lower Respiratory

A

Below throat

69
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

Breathing

70
Q

Alveolar Gas Exchange

A

Diffusion

71
Q

Hemoglobin (HBG)

A

in RBC
transports oxygen/carbon dioxide

72
Q

What is highly responsive to increase in blood CO2 or hydrogen ion concentration?

A

Medulla Oblongata

73
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

74
Q

Administering too much______ can cause the client w/ COPD to stop breathing

A

Oxygen

75
Q

Partial Obstruction

A

Low pitched snoring during inhalation

76
Q

Complete obstruction

A

inability to cough/speak
no air movement

77
Q

Stridor

A

harsh
high pitched sound on inspiration

78
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

79
Q

Tachypnea

A

fast breathing

80
Q

Bradypnea

A

slow breathing

81
Q

Apnea

A

absence of breathing

82
Q

Hypoventilation

A

slow or shallow breathing or both

can lead to hypercapnia

83
Q

Hypercapnia

A

high levels of carbon dioxide in blood

84
Q

Hyperventilation

A

increased movement of air in/out of lungs

85
Q

Kussmaul’s breathing

A

body tried to blow off acid
(compensating)
breathing fast like a dog panting

86
Q

Hypoxemia

A

reduced oxygen in the blood

87
Q

Atelectasis

A

alveoli calapse

88
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Swelling of the lungs

89
Q

Hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body

90
Q

Hypovolemia

A

a condition that occurs when your body loses fluid, like blood or water

-dizziness
-weakness
-fatigue

91
Q

Types of Oxygen

A

Dry
Liquid
Oxygen concentrator

Nursing Fundamentals (12 decks)

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