final exam

Question 1

What is the nursing process?

Answer 1

A systematic method of critical thinking used to develop individualized plans of care and provide organized, effective patient care

It’s basically the way nurses THINK.

Question 2

What does ADPIE stand for in the nursing process?

Answer 2

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

This framework guides nurses in providing care.

Question 3

What is a nursing diagnosis?

Answer 3

Putting a label on patient health problems that can be addressed by nursing care based on analysis of assessment findings

Nursing Diagnosis = Nursing Problem.

Question 4

What are the three phases of an interview in nursing?

Answer 4

Orientation/introduction, Working, Termination

The environment is important for effective interviewing.

Question 5

What types of data are collected during the assessment phase?

Answer 5

Subjective and Objective Data

Subjective data are symptoms reported by the patient; objective data are signs observed or measured.

Question 6

What is the first step of the nursing process?

Answer 6

Assessment

It involves gathering patient care data through observation, interviews, and physical assessments.

Question 7

What is the purpose of the diagnosis step in the nursing process?

Answer 7

Analyze, validate, and cluster patient data to identify patient problems.

Question 8

What does the planning step involve in the nursing process?

Answer 8

Prioritizing nursing diagnoses and identifying short- and long-term goals that are realistic, measurable, and patient-focused.

Question 9

What is involved in the implementation step of the nursing process?

Answer 9

Initiating specific nursing interventions and treatments designed to help the patient achieve established goals.

Question 10

What is evaluated in the evaluation step of the nursing process?

Answer 10

Whether the patient’s goals are met and the effectiveness of interventions.

Question 11

True or False: Critical thinking in nursing is only about performing tasks.

Answer 11

False

It involves analyzing information, setting priorities, and collaborating with team members.

Question 12

What is the significance of historical development in the nursing process?

Answer 12

It supports the identity of nurses as independent care providers and facilitates safe, individualized, patient-centered care.

Question 13

What are some interviewing techniques to elicit information?

Answer 13

Open-ended questions, Closed-ended questions, Focused/direct questions.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The type of Nursing Diagnosis dictates the _______.

Answer 14

format.

Question 15

What are the components of an actual nursing diagnosis?

Answer 15

Problem, etiology, symptoms

It indicates that a problem already exists.

Question 16

What is a risk nursing diagnosis?

Answer 16

A potential problem identified by assessment findings suggesting the patient is at risk

It has 2 parts and does not include signs and symptoms.

Question 17

What does SMART stand for when writing goals?

Answer 17

Specific, Measurable, Appropriate, Realistic, Timeframe.

Question 18

What are clinical pathways?

Answer 18

Multidisciplinary resources to guide patient care, including independent, dependent, direct, and indirect interventions.

Question 19

What is the role of protocols in nursing?

Answer 19

Written plans that can be generalized to groups of patients with similar clinical needs.

Question 20

What are standing orders in nursing?

Answer 20

Orders that can be implemented when certain established criteria or parameters are met.

Question 21

What is the importance of experience in developing clinical judgement?

Answer 21

Experience is needed to develop clinical judgement and recognize context in patient care.

Question 22

What is an Adverse Event?

Answer 22

An unintended harm to a patient caused by medical error.

Adverse events highlight the importance of patient safety in healthcare.

Question 23

Define a Near Miss in healthcare.

Answer 23

A potential error that could have harmed a patient but didn’t due to chance, prevention, or mitigation.

Near misses provide opportunities for learning and improving safety.

Question 24

What constitutes a Sentinel Event?

Answer 24

A serious medical error that results in death, serious injury, or a high risk of such an outcome, triggering immediate investigation and response.

Sentinel events are critical for understanding systemic failures in healthcare.

Question 25

What does the broad concept of patient safety encompass?

Answer 25

Preventing errors that can cause harm or death. Key elements include understanding error types, identifying where errors occur, and fostering a culture of safety. ## Footnote A comprehensive approach to patient safety involves multiple strategies and stakeholder engagement.

Question 26

List the four types of errors identified by the IOM in healthcare.

Answer 26

* Diagnostic errors * Treatment errors * Preventive errors * Communication failures ## Footnote Recognizing these error types is essential for improving patient safety.

Question 27

What are Active Errors?

Answer 27

Errors made by healthcare providers directly involved in patient care. ## Footnote Addressing active errors is crucial for immediate patient safety.

Question 28

Define Latent Conditions.

Answer 28

Underlying factors in the healthcare system that can contribute to errors. ## Footnote Latent conditions often require systemic changes to prevent future errors.

Question 29

What are the differences between active and latent errors?

Answer 29

Active errors are direct mistakes made by providers, while latent errors are system flaws that can lead to mistakes under certain conditions. ## Footnote Understanding these differences helps in root cause analysis.

Question 30

What are the seven key aspects of a culture of safety?

Answer 30

* Leadership * Teamwork * Evidence-based practice * Communication * Learning * Just culture * Patient-centered care ## Footnote A strong culture of safety is essential for reducing errors in healthcare.

Question 31

What is a Just Culture?

Answer 31

A system where people can report errors without fear of punishment, encouraging transparency and organizational learning. ## Footnote Just culture promotes accountability while protecting those who report errors.

Question 32

True or False: At-risk behavior is a behavioral choice that increases risk.

Answer 32

True ## Footnote Understanding at-risk behavior helps in designing interventions to enhance safety.

Question 33

What are some key recommendations for fall prevention in older adults?

Answer 33

* Environmental adaptations * Minimizing psychoactive medications * Addressing postural hypotension * Management of foot problems and footwear * Exercises focused on balance, strength, and gait training ## Footnote These guidelines are crucial for reducing fall risks in older adults.

Question 34

What interventions can reduce medication errors?

Answer 34

* Using technology like barcode medication administration * Standardizing medication administration practices * Altering the nurses' environment to minimize distractions * Implementing system improvements and clinician-focused interventions ## Footnote These strategies aim to enhance medication safety in clinical settings.

Question 35

What is Care Coordination?

Answer 35

A process involving a team of healthcare professionals and the patient working together to ensure appropriate care delivery. ## Footnote Effective care coordination addresses fragmentation in healthcare.

Question 36

List characteristics of high-functioning healthcare teams.

Answer 36

* Clear role definitions * Timely information sharing * Mutual respect * Consistent feedback * Patient or family involvement ## Footnote High-functioning teams are essential for maintaining patient safety.

Question 37

Why is error reporting crucial for patient safety?

Answer 37

Error reporting helps organizations learn from mistakes, but fear of punishment can hinder it. ## Footnote Creating a just culture can facilitate better reporting practices.

Question 38

What are the six aims of health care quality according to the framework?

Answer 38

* Safe * Timely * Effective * Efficient * Equitable * Patient-Centered Care ## Footnote These aims serve as benchmarks for quality improvement in healthcare.