respiratory system Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Lymphatic tissue between the back of the nasal cavity and the pharynx.
A
adenoid
2
Q
Inflammation of the adenoids.
A
adenoiditis
3
Q
A condition in which the immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance.
A
allergies
4
Q
Pertaining to the alveoli, the small air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange
A
alveolar
5
Q
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
A
alveoli
6
Q
A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction
A
anaphylaxis
7
Q
Absence of breathing
A
apnea
8
Q
A test that measures the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery. It is used to check how well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
A
arterial blood gas
9
Q
A condition arising when the body is deprived of oxygen, causing unconsciousness or death; suffocation.
A
asphyxia
10
Q
To draw in or out using a sucking motion, typically refers to the process of drawing fluid or tissue samples from the body.
A
aspirate
11
Q
The inhalation of food, liquid, or other material into the respiratory tract.
A
aspiration
12
Q
A condition in which a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow, and swell, producing extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe
A
asthma
13
Q
Episodes of severe asthma symptoms, such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
A
asthma attacks
14
Q
The collapse of part or all of a lung, often caused by a blockage of the air passages or by pressure on the outside of the lung.
A
atelectasis
15
Q
A form of noninvasive ventilation that provides two levels of air pressure, one for inhalation and a lower one for exhalation, used in the treatment of sleep apnea and other respiratory problems.
A
bilevel positive airway pressure
16
Q
Abnormally slow breathing
A
bradypnea
17
Q
The main passageways into the lungs.
A
bronchi
18
Q
A procedure during bronchoscopy where saline is squirted into a part of the lung and then recollected for examination. It’s used to collect cells from the bronchial tubes.
A
bronchial washing
19
Q
Small branches of the bronchi that lead to the alveoli in the lungs.
A
bronchioles
20
Q
An inflammation of the small airways in the lungs, known as bronchioles, usually due to a viral infection. It is most common in infants and young children, particularly during the winter months, and can cause symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
A
bronchiolitis
21
Q
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often resulting from infection or environmental factors like smoking
A
bronchitis
22
Q
A drug that relaxes bronchial muscle resulting in expansion of the bronchial air passages, used in conditions like asthma
A
bronchodilator
23
Q
A medical instrument with a light and camera used for examining the inside of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
A
bronchoscope
24
Q
A procedure that allows a doctor to look at the airway through a thin viewing instrument called a bronchoscope.
A
bronchoscopy
25
The sudden constriction of the muscles in the bronchial walls
bronchospasm
26
A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue.
cancer
27
An imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of the organs, bones, and tissues in the chest area; also called radiographs.
chest x rays
28
A form of bronchitis characterized by chronic cough and mucus production for at least three months in two consecutive years. (
chronic bronchitis
29
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
30
A medical imaging technique used to create detailed images of internal body structures, particularly useful for diagnosing diseases or conditions in the lungs and other thoracic structures.
computed tomography scan (CT)
31
A type of therapy used in sleep apnea, in which air is supplied through a mask to keep airways open during sleep.
continuous positive airway pressure device (CPAP)
32
A procedure where a needle biopsy is performed with the guidance of computed tomography (CT) imaging to obtain a tissue sample from the lung or other internal organs.
CT guided needle biopsy
33
A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
cyanosis
34
Pertaining to cyanosis; a bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin due to deficient oxygenation of the blood.
cyanotic
35
A genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system, characterized by thick, sticky mucus that can clog airways and lead to respiratory and digestive problems.
cystic fibrosis
36
Difficulty in speaking due to a problem with the voice.
dysphonia
37
Difficulty or discomfort in breathing; shortness of breath.
dyspnea
38
A chronic respiratory disease where there is overinflation of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, leading to a decrease in lung function and breathlessness.
emphysema
39
A flexible plastic tube that is put in the mouth and then down into the trachea to help a patient breathe.
endotracheal tube
40
A flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent aspiration.
epiglottis
41
Bleeding from the nose; also called rhinorrhagia.
epistaxis
42
Episodes where symptoms of a disease become worse or more severe.
exacerbations
43
The process of breathing out air.
exhalation
44
A diagnostic procedure used to investigate lumps or masses. In this technique, a thin needle is used to extract sample cells from the body.
fine needle aspiration biopsy
45
The process in the lungs where oxygen is taken up by the blood and carbon dioxide is released from the blood.
gas exchange
46
A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs.
hemoglobin
47
Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.
hemoptysis
48
Excess carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration.
hypercapnia
49
Excessively deep or rapid breathing; forced breathing
hyperpnea
50
Breathing that is deeper and more rapid than normal
hyperventilation
51
Deficient shallow or slow breathing
hypopnea
52
Reduced rate and/or depth of air movement into the lungs, leading to increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
hypoventilation
53
Low levels of oxygen in the blood.
hypoxemia
54
A condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
hypoxia
55
A highly contagious viral infection affecting the respiratory tract, commonly referred to as the flu, with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches.
influenza
56
The process of breathing in air.
inhalation
57
: Breathing that requires more effort than normal; often a sign of distress or illness. (
labored breathing
58
Inflammation of the larynx, typically resulting in huskiness or loss of voice.
laryngitis
59
The organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords; the voice box. (
larynx
60
Surgical removal of a lobe of an organ, such as a lobe of the lung.
lobectomy
61
Divisions of the lungs; the right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two.
lobes
62
A type of cancer that begins in the lungs and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body.
lung cancer
63
The main organs of the respiratory system, responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
lungs
64
A medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
65
A machine that provides respiratory support for patients who are unable to breathe effectively on their own.
mechanical ventilator
66
The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another.
metastases
67
A slippery secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes for lubrication and protection.
mucus
68
A device used to deliver supplemental oxygen or increased airflow to a patient in need of respiratory help
nasal cannula
69
A device for converting a drug into mist and delivering it to the lungs, often used in treating asthma and other respiratory conditions.
nebulizer
70
A procedure to obtain a sample of cells from the body for laboratory testing, often used to diagnose diseases such as cancer.
needle biopsy
71
A sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep.
obstructive sleep apnea
72
A small, hand-held device used to measure the ability to push air out of the lungs.
peak flow meter
73
The passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue.
perfusion
74
Inflammation of the pharynx, often resulting in a sore throat.
pharyngitis
75
Commonly known as the throat; a part of the neck and throat that is situated posteriorly to the mouth and nasal cavity and cranially to the esophagus and larynx.
pharynx
76
A condition where fluid accumulates in the pleural space, the area between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity.
pleural effusion
77
An abnormal lung sound that is caused by inflammation of the pleura membranes that results in friction as the surfaces rub against each other.
pleural rub
78
An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus.
pneumonia
79
A diagnostic imaging test using a radioactive substance to look for disease in the body, often used for detecting cancer.
positron emission tomography scan
80
Itching or an uncomfortable irritation of the skin.
pruritus
81
The arteries carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
pulmonary arteries
82
The part of the circulatory system which carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
pulmonary circulation
83
Fluid accumulation in the alveoli of the lungs, often caused by heart or kidney failure.
pulmonary edema
84
A blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from the legs or other parts of the body
pulmonary embolism
85
A group of tests that measure how well the lungs take in and release air and how well they move gases such as oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s circulation.
pulmonary function tests
86
A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders related to the respiratory system.
pulmonologist
87
A small, clip-like device that attaches to a body part, like toes or an earlobe, but most commonly to a finger, to measure the oxygen saturation of arterial blood.
pulse oximeter
88
Images produced on a sensitive plate or film by X-rays, gamma rays, or similar radiation, and used in medical examinations.
radiographs
89
An abnormal lung sound, also called fine crackles, that sound like popping or crackling sounds on inspiration. Rales are associated with medical conditions that cause fluid accumulation within the alveolar and interstitial spaces, such as heart failure or pneumonia.
rales
90
The process of inhaling oxygen from the air and exhaling carbon dioxide out of the body. It is a vital function for the survival of humans and many other organisms, facilitating the exchange of gases in the lungs and tissues.
respiration
91
The number of breaths a person takes per minute.
respiratory rate
92
A common and highly contagious virus that causes infections of the respiratory tract. It can lead to mild, cold-like symptoms in adults and older children but can be severe in infants, young children, and older adults, especially those with underlying health conditions.
respiratory syncytial virus
93
Health care professionals who specialize in providing care for patients with breathing or other cardiopulmonary disorders.
respiratory therapists
94
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
rhinitis
95
Bleeding from the nose, also known as epistaxis.
rhinorrhagia
96
Excess mucous production by the nasal cavities, commonly referred to as a “runny nose.”
rhinorrhea
97
An abnormal lung sounds, also referred to as coarse crackles, that are are low-pitched, continuous sounds heard on expiration that are a sign of turbulent airflow through mucus in the large airways
rhonchi
98
The structure separating the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils.
septum
99
Inflammation of the sinus cavities.
sinusitis
100
A common office test used to assess how well the lungs work by measuring how much air is inhaled, how much is exhaled, and how quickly it is exhaled.
spirometry
101
Mucous secretions from the respiratory tract that can be expelled through the mouth.
sputum
102
A test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that are infecting the lungs or breathing passages.
sputum culture
103
A medical instrument used for listening to the internal sounds of an organism, typically used for heart and lung sounds.
stethoscope
104
An abnormal lungs sound heard during inspiration that is associated with obstruction of the trachea/upper airway.
stridor
105
A substance that reduces the surface tension of fluid in the lungs and helps make the alveoli more stable.
surfactant
106
Rapid breathing.
tachypnea
107
A procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lining of the outside of the lungs (pleura) and the wall of the chest.
thoracentesis
108
The area of the body located between the neck and the diaphragm, housing the lungs and heart.
thoracic cavity
109
A surgeon who specializes in surgical procedures of the chest, including the heart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs in the chest.
thoracic surgeon
110
Inflammation of the tonsils
tonsillitis
111
The windpipe; a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi, providing a pathway for air to enter the lungs.
trachea
112
A surgical procedure to create an opening through the neck into the trachea (windpipe) to allow direct access to the breathing tube
tracheostomy
113
A serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
tuberculosis
114
A viral infection of one or more structures of the upper respiratory system, including the nose, nasal cavities, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx
upper respiratory infection
(URI)
115
The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
ventilation
116
A high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing, typically heard when exhaling, often associated with asthma or lung diseases.
wheezing
