FINAL EXAM Flashcards
1
Q
Nutritional Requirements of Pregnancy:
+10calories/week during the
A
1st Trimester
2
Q
Nutritional Requirements of Pregnancy:
+340 calories during the
A
2nd Trimester
3
Q
Nutritional Requirements of Pregnancy:
+425 calories during the
A
3rd Trimester
4
Q
Nutritional Requirements During Lactating:
+330 calories during the
A
First 6 months
5
Q
Nutritional Requirements During Lactating:
+400 calories during the
A
Second 6 months
6
Q
Nutritional Requirements During Pregnancy & Lactating:
71g of
A
Protein
7
Q
To avoid neural tube defects it is advised to take ________ supplements perception.
A
Folate Supplements
8
Q
Magenisum, calcium, V D and V B6 supplements help decrease symptoms of women from
A
PMS
9
Q
Increased risk of pregnancy is common in _____ women.
A
Obese
10
Q
Use of coffee, alcohol, drugs, and exposure to environmental toxins will have
A
detrimental effects
11
Q
The Stages of Pregnancy:
Day 1 :
A
Conception
12
Q
The Stages of Pregnancy:
Embryo implants into the uterine wall on day
A
Day 10
13
Q
The Stages of Pregnancy:
Week four the embryo is
A
1/4 inch long
14
Q
The Stages of Pregnancy:
Week 9 the embryo has a pancreas and is now considered a
A
Fetus
15
Q
The Stages of Pregnancy:
Month 3 the fetus weighs
A
6 oz
16
Q
The Stages of Pregnancy:
Month 6 the fetus is how long?
A
14 inches long
17
Q
The Stages of Pregnancy:
Month 7 the fetus gains how many oz/day?
A
1/2-1 oz/day
18
Q
The Stages of Pregnancy:
Month 8 & 9 the fetus gains about
A
1 oz a day
19
Q
Maternal Weight Gain:
25-35lbs should be gained by a _____weight female
A
normal weight female
20
Q
Maternal Weight Gain:
28-40lbs should be gained by a _______ weight female
A
Under weight female
21
Q
Maternal Weight Gain:
15-25lbs should be gained by a _______ weight female
A
Over weight female
22
Q
Maternal Weight Gain:
11-20lbs should be gained by a _____ female
A
Obese females
23
Q
Maternal Weight Gain:
28-40lbs should be gained by _______ females
A
adolescent females
24
Q
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
aka
A
Low Birth Weight
25
Problem Nutrients During Pregnancy:
| RDA for Folate is ______mcg + ____mcg from fortified foods
400mcg + 200 mcg
26
Problem Nutrients During Pregnancy:
| RDA for Ferrous Sulfate is 30 mg during the ________trimesters and should be taken without milk, coffee, or tea
2nd & 3rd Trimesters
27
Full term infants have an average gestation of _______ weeks
37-42 weeks
28
The key hormone that develops placenta after implantation is
Progesterone
29
Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) Full term infants weigh 2500-4000 grams or ____ lbs
5.5-8.8lbs
30
The composition of what milk is 7% P, 38% CHO, and 55% F?
Human Milk
31
The composition of what milk is 20% P, 30% CHO, and 50% F?
Cows Milk
32
Infants double weight by 4-6 months and triple weight by
1 year
33
Solid food should be introduced at ____, when posture can be sustained and extrusion reflex diminishes
4-6 months
34
A condition of inadequate weight or height gain mainly though to result from a choleric deficit is known as
Failure to thrive
35
True or False:
Constipation is not caused by breast milk
True
36
The yellowing discoloring of the skin caused by too much bilirubin in the blood is
Infant Jaundice
37
Normal serum bilirubin in infants is
.3-1.0 mg/dl
38
Supplementation of _____ should be given to infants who exclusively breast fed.
Vitamin D
39
Between the age of 1 and 3 yrs of age is considered a
Toddler
40
A child between the age of 3 and 5 years of age is considered a _______
Pre-school
41
A child between the age of 5 and 10 years is considered a ______
Middle Childhood
42
A girl from ages 9-11 and a boy from ages 10-12 are considered ______
Preadolescence or school age
43
The latent or ___________ is the period after infancy and until puberty.
Quiescent period of Growth
44
What puts a child at risk for iron deficiency?
Rapid Growth
45
Protein requirements for children ages 1-3 is _____g.
13g
46
Protein requirements for children ages 4-8 is _____g.
19g
47
Protein requirements for children ages 9-13 is _____g.
34 g
48
Stature/Length for age:
| 0-36 month is measured by
recumbent length
49
Stature/Length for age:
| 2-20 yrs
Height
50
weight for length identifies
under/overweight
51
Stature/length identifies
shortness/tallness
52
Weight for age does NOT
classify under/over weight
53
```
Overweight/obesity
FTT
Iron Deficiency
Dental Caries
Allergies
ADHD
and Autism
```
Are Nutritional Concerns in childhood
54
kids aged between 13-15 are considered _______
early adolescence
55
Kids ages between 15-17 are considered _______
Middle adolescence
56
kids ages between 18-21 are considered _______
late adolescence
57
What is another name for sexual maturity rating?
Tanner stage
58
```
Physiologic changes
Puberty
Sexual maturity rating
Growth velocity
Development of values and beliefs
Independence and autonomy
are all aspects that make up ________
```
Adolescence
59
Irregular meals
Excessive snacking
Eating away from home (fast foods)
Dieting and meal skipping
Food Habits
60
Annual screening of weight, height, BMI, nutritional assessment (Parental, peer, school, cultural, personal lifestyle) is the Nutrition Screening and Assessments of _______
Adolescent
61
Excessive body weight among females associated with both earlier onset of puberty as well as earlier menses is known as ___________
Menarche
62
The DRI for Iron increases for females from 8mg/day to _____mg/day after menses.
15mg/day
63
The DRI for iron increases for males from 8mg/day to _____mg/day to support growth spurt
11mg/day
64
Adolescents at or above 95th% are at risk for ________
hypertension
65
__________ teens have elevated blood cholesterol.
one in four
66
Children with _________ or inflammatory bowel disease require high protein and calorie levels.
Cystic fibrosis
67
What is thought to only be appropriate for teens when BMI >40 kg/m2?
Bariatric Surgery
68
What is the third most common chronic illness in adolescent females?
eating disorders
69
Individuals between the ages of 19-65 are considered_______
Adults
70
On average the RDA of protein for females over the age of 19 and older is ________g
46 g
71
On average the RDA of protein for males over the age of 19 and older is ________g
56g
72
What is the RDA for protein for individuals who are vegetarian/vegan?
1g/kg
73
What is the RDA for CHO?
45-65%
74
What is the RDA for fat?
20-35%
75
What is the RDA for Protein?
10-35%
76
Wellness in not just the absence of _____ but includes not only physical but also mental and spiritual health.
disease
77
Overweight and ______ have been linked to heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and hypertension
obesity
78
______ is identified by having 3 or more of the following:
1. Waist circumfrence >40 in men; >35 in women
2. Hypertension 135/85 mm Hg or higher
3. Serum Triglycerides >150 mg/dL
4. HDL cholesterol
Metabolic Syndrome
79
Individuals ages between 65-74 are considered ______
Young old
80
Individuals ages between 75-84 are considered _______
aged
81
Individuals ages between 85> are considered _______
oldest old
82
Elderly should encourage folate-rich food and supplements of Vitamin
Vitamin B-6 & B-12
83
Damage to the optic nerve resulting from high pressure in the eye is
Glaucoma
84
Clouding of the lens of the eye. The most common treatment is surgery. This condition is
Cataracts
85
_______
A complication of diabetes
86
_______ is frequently misdiagnosed and may be improved with good diet. In elderly depression is a treatable cause of weight loss.
Depression
87
_______ aka bedsores is caused by pressure that impedes capillary flow to the skin and underlying tissues. Treated with optimal protein and calories, medications and micronutrients
Pressure Ulcers
88
______ is a general sense of happiness and satisfaction
Quality of life
89
Ability to perform self-care
functionality
90
Toileting, bathing, eating and dressing are activities of daily living which is ___
Basic self-care
91
Managing money, shopping, telephone use, housekeeping, etc are
Instrumental activities of daily living
92
________ serve those who need help with ADLs
Assisted Living Communities
93
______ serves those who need more care as they age.
Skilled nursing facilities
94
Impaired mobility and ________ are key to pressure ulcers development
Urinary incontinence
95
Muscle and it is the major determinant of the resting metabolic rate is
Lean Body Mass
96
Total body fat is a combination of _________
Essential Fat and Storage Fat
97
A chronic disease or state of adiposity in which body fatness is above the idea >30 is
Obesity
98
________ accumulate in adipose tissues from exposure to toxins, chemicals and pesticides
Semivolatile organic compounds
99
66% of americans are overweight. What percentage of adult americans are obese?
32%
100
In the US, prevalence of obesity is higher amongst black and ______
hispanic populations
101
All states except for ______ are struggling with obesity
Colorado
102
Low calorie diets aka calorie restrictive diets reduces the calories to ______ and 50-55% should be CHO
500-1000cals per day.
103
Very low calorie diets provide only ________ calories daily. These need to be used with medical supervision for individuals who are morbidly obese. Usually given for 12-16 weeks.
200-800
104
Biliopancreatic Diversion is
purely malabsorbtive
105
Biliopancreatic diversion aka ______ aim is selective absorption of fat and restriction of caloric intake. The stomach pouch is reduced to 200mL and the biliopancreatic limb is attached to the intestinal limb 50 cm proximal. Fat absorption is therefore limited to the short 50 cm common channel
duodenal switch
106
Gastric banding and vertical banded gastroplasty is
restrictive
107
________ is only restrictive and reduces the size of the stomach pouch.
Gastric Banding
108
What is the most popular surgery that cuts a window into the body of the stomach and reduces the size of the stomach pouch?
Vertical-banded gastroplasty
109
Gastric Bypass and Roux-en-Y is both
Restrictive and Malabsorbtive
110
Gastric Bypass aka ______ is the most successful bariatric surgery
Roux-en-y
111
For obese children under the age of 7 the goal is prolonged weight management. For obese children above 7 the goal is prolonged weight management, unless they have secondary complications then weight loss is suggested and seeing a specialist
:)
112
What is an obsession with healthy or righteous eating?
Orthorexia
113
What is primarily characterized by an ongoing, persistent pattern of late-night binge eating?
night eating syndrome
114
Eating disorders are classified as a ________
mental illness
115
Major depression, anxiety, or obsessive compulsive disorder are often accompanied with _________
eating disorders
116
Anorexia nervosa
| bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating make up ________
Eating disorders
117
Treatment of ED's is provided at several levers of care depending on severity of illness, includes
```
inpatient hospitalization
residential treatment
day hospitalization
intensive outpatient treatment
and
outpatient treatment
```
118
Guidelines for adolescent obesity care is based on teen's
BMI, age, motivation, and presence of comorbid conditions. 1. biological development. 2. level of motivation. 3. weight status. 4. success with previous stages of treatment.
119
Evaluating the Quality of Vegetarian Diets:
| Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)
Wt gain/ PRO intake (gm)
120
Nitrogen promotes maintenance and _____. RDA is 0.6g/kg
growth
121
What foods are low in lysine and threonine?
Cereals
122
What foods are low in methionine?
Legumes
123
Iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin D and vitamin B-12 are essential for _______ children
vegetarians and vegan
124
Protein quality is determined by
digestibility and amino acid content
125
food allergies occur in 8% of children and ______ of adults
4%
126
Most food allergies are type I ____
IgE
127
Food reactions that are toxic, pharmacologic, metabolic, or idiosyncratic are food _____
intolerance
128
milk, eggs, tree nuts, peanuts, soy, wheat, fish and shellfish are foods most likely to
cause food allergies
129
A metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass leading to bone fragility and consequently an increase in risk of fracture is known as ________.
Osteoporosis
130
Individuals with a bone density below normal but not as low as diagnose of osteoporosis have _________.
osteopenia
131
Impaired mineralization (softer bones) caused by Calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Symptoms are fractures that occur without apparent injury as in fragility fractures is _______
Osteomalacia
132
What is the average bone density of the U.S. population of premenopausal females?
T-score of O
133
A t-score of +1 to -1 is considered a ______
Normal BMD
134
A t-score of -1 to -2.5 is considered ______
Osteopenia
135
A t-score < -2.5 is considered _______
Osteoporosis
136
Units of standard deviation is how to measure a ______
T-score
137
Anorexia, Amenorrhea (no period), and Osteoporosis are three conditions common in
Female athlete triad
138
Age, Female, Caucasian/asian, family history, chronic disease, hormone deficiency, environmental, calcium deficiency, Vitamin d deficiency, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, and fall risk are all risk factors of
osteoporosis
139
None of the elements are removed, contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets suspended in plasma is
whole blood
140
The fluid obtained after the blood has clotted, been centrifuges and the solid parts removed is
serum
141
the transparent liquid component of blood, made up of water, blood proteins, electrolytes and clotting facts is
plasma
142
Glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, CO2, chloride, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine make up
Basic metabolic Panel
143
the value of serum albumin is ____ g/dL
3.5-5.0 g/dL
144
albumin has half life of 18-21 days
.
145
What serum has a half life of 9 days?
Serum transferrin
146
Prealbumin (PAB) and Transthyretin (TTHY) have a half life of
2 days
147
Retinol-binding protein (RBP) has a half life of
12 hrs
148
True or False
| A dietary supplement is not represented as a food or sole item of a meal or the diet
True
149
____ eases menopause symptoms but is know to cause clotting
black cohosh
150
______ may lower cholesterol and blood sugar. (Peripheral arterial occlusive disease) Reduces clotting time so avoid use with warfarin
Garlic
151
When using the antiemetic, ______, avoid use with drugs that affect bleeding.
Ginger
152
What is a vasodilation used in stroke recovery and should avoid use with warfarin?
Ginka Biloba
153
What is an antidepressant that may compromise meds for heart disease, cancer, seizures, and birth control?
St. John's wort
