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A & P 2 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Four layers of digestive tract from inside out

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle Layer
Serosa

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2
Q

(baby teeth) and how many?

A

Deciduous Teeth - 20

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3
Q

Number of permanent teeth

A

32

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4
Q

Ball-like mass of chewed food

A

Bolus

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5
Q

Anchors tongue to floor of mouth

A

Frenulum

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6
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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7
Q

paste-like food mixture

A

Chyme

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8
Q

Three layers of stomach muscle

A

longitudinal
circular
oblique

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9
Q

Three glands of stomach

A

Mucous cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells

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10
Q

Collective term for stomach cells (mucous, chief, parietal)

A

Gastric Juices

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11
Q

Stomach ulcer may be due to the bacteria _________

A

H. Pylori

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12
Q

Stomach protrudes through opening in diaphragm

A

Hiatal Hernia

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13
Q

Narrowing of pylori impeding the movement of chi into the small intestine.
Characterized by ___________ ________

A

Pyloric Stenosis

Projectile Vomiting

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14
Q

First part of small intestine

A

Duodenum

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15
Q

Where most digestion and absorption occurs.

A

Duodenum

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16
Q

Second part of small intestine

A

Jejunum

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17
Q

Third part of small intestine

A

ilium

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18
Q

The large intestine is approximately __ feet long

A

5 feet long

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19
Q

First part of large intestine

A

Cecum

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20
Q

First five parts of large intestine

A 
cecum
ascending colon
hepatic flexure
transverse colon
splenic flexure
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21
Q

Last five parts of large intestine

A 
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
anus
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22
Q

Four functions of large intestine

A

Absorbs water & electrolytes
synthesize vitamins & bacteria
temporary storage of waste
defecation

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23
Q

Functional unit of liver

A

Liver Lobules

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24
Q 
Functions of liver...
-Synthesis of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
-Storage of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_\_ vitamins
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of drugs and toxins
-Excretion of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Metabolism of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_
A

Synthesis of PLASMA PROTEINS
Storage of GLYCOGEN and FAT-SOLUBLE vitamins
DETOXIFICATION of drugs and toxins
Excretion of BILIRUBIN, CHOLESTEROL, DRUGS
Metabolism of CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, FATS

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25
Another function of the liver is synthesis of ______ _____ and ______ secretion for fat digestion
Synthesis of BILE SALTS and BILE secretion for fat digestion
26
Located under liver
Gallbladder
27
Function of gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile
28
Inflammation of gallbladder
Cholecystitis
29
Accumulation of bile pigment in blood
Jaundice
30
Three types of jaundice
Obstructive Hemolytic Hepatitis
31
Portal hypertension may lead to ______
Ascites
32
Digestion of carbs... | Polysaccharides --> ________ --> disaccharides --> __________ --> monosaccharides
Amylase | Disaccharidases
33
Digestion of proteins... | Protein --> _____ --> unraveled protein --> __________ --> amino acids
HCI | Proteases
34
Digestion of lipids... | Lipid globule --> _____ --> emulsified lipids --> _______ --> fatty acids/glycerol
Bile | Lipases
35
Fourmost important excretory organs
kidneys ureters bladder urethra
36
___-___% of cardiac output goes to kidneys
20-25%
37
Functions of kidneys... -Excretion of _____, ____ ____, _______ & ________ -Regulation of blood _______, blood ______ and ________ -_____/_____ balance Regulation of ____ production
- Excretion of UREA, URIC ACID AMMONIA & CREATININE - Regulation of blood VOLUME, blood PRESSURE and ELECTROLYTES - ACID/BASE balance - Regulation of RBC production
38
Three components of urine formation
Glomerular Filtration Tubular Reabsorption Tubular Secretion
39
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GRF)
125mL/min or 180L/day
40
Tubular reabsorption... - ________ completely reabsorbed - ___% of water - ___% of urea - ________ is NOT reabsorbed
GLUCOSE completely reabsorbed 99% of water 50% of urea CREATININE is not reabsorbed
41
Aldosterone is secreted by the ______ ______.
Adrenal Cortex
42
Aldosterone causes reabsorption of _______ and _____, and secretion of _________
reabsorption - SODIUM & WATER | secretion - POTASSIUM
43
Final result of aldosterone
Increase in blood volume and pressure
44
Characteristics of urine... - ___% water - pH: _._ - Specific Gravity: _.___ - _.___
95% water pH: 6.0 Specific Gravity: 1.001 - 1.035
45
Intracellular Compartments... - ___% of water - High concentration of _________, ________ and ________
- 63% of water | - High concentration of POTASSIUM, PHOSPHATE and MAGNESIUM
46
Extracellular Compartments... - ___% of water - High concentration of ______, _______ and _________.
37% of water | High concentration of SODIUM, CHLORIDE and BICARBONATE
47
_____ _____ test: tenting indicates dehydration
Skin Turgor Test
48
Chief extracellular cation
Sodium (Na+)
49
Chief extracellular anion
Chloride (Cl-)
50
Chief intracellular cation
Potassium (K+)
51
_______: pH less than _.__
Acidosis:
52
_______: pH greater than _.__
Alkalosis: >7.45
53
Release of mature egg from _______ follicle
Graafian
54
Follicular cells left behind in ovary
Corpus Luteum
55
If egg is fertilized, corpus luteum continues to _______ _____.
secrete hormones
56
If egg does not get fertilized, corpus lute degenerates into _______ _______.
corpus albicans
57
Estrogen is secreted primarily by _________ cells
follicular cells
58
Progesterone is secreted by _______ ______
corpus luteum
59
Layer of endometrium that does NOT shed.
Basil layer (right next to myometrium)
60
Layer of endometrium that is shed.
Functional layer

A & P 2 (4 decks)

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