Final exam Flashcards by Dillon Mason

The potential contributions of leisure, recreation, and play to healthy human development is essential to

an informed practice in therapeutic recreation

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egislation in the United States significantly affected the provision of therapeutic recreation. Match the act to its description.
PL 90-480 Architectural Barriers Act, 1968
PL 94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children Act, 1975
PL 101-336 Americans with Disabilities Act, 1990
PL 101-476 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 1990
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 1973

Mandated physical accessibility and usability of buildings and facilities
Mandated program accessibility
Stated that “all handicapped children” were entitled to free and appropriate public education in the least restricted environment and could receive recreation as a related service
Reauthorization of PL 94-142; emphasized family involvement, transition planning, and assistive technology
A comprehensive civil rights law to eliminate discrimination in all aspects of American life: employment, government services, public transportation, accommodations, and telecommunications

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egislation and government declarations in Canada significantly affected the provision of therapeutic recreation. Match the title to its description.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982
Vocational Rehabilitation for Disabled Persons Act, 1962
In Unison: A Canadian Approach to Disability Issues (government report, not a law), 1998

Provided rehabilitation services for people with disabilities
Declared that all people have the right to equal protection and benefit of the law without discrimination based on mental and physical disability
Formed the basis for asserting equal rights for people with disabilities to achieve full integration and access to supports, services, employment, and income

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Ethical considerations include

confidentiality, maintaining a professional relationship, and cultural competence

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Canada’s preferred therapeutic recreation model is the leisure ability model.

true

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A humanistic philosophy asserts that people are

capable of growth and change, are able to strive to meet needs and goals, and are autonomous and inherently altruistic

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During the mid-19th century Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing practices, believed in nontraditional approaches to health and healing. The approaches she advocated for were that

wounded “soldiers should be in beautiful environments, listen to music, and have visits from family and pets to comfort them and speed their recovery”

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People with illness, disability, or special needs have the same rights to healthy and satisfying recreation participation as anyone else. Knowledge of how to support their successful participation is important for all recreation majors.

true

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The three types of credentialing programs are

registration, certification, and licensure

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The factors to take into consideration when choosing which TR model to use are

the agency philosophy, mission, and goals; the needs of the clients; the regulations of accrediting bodies and government oversight agencies; and your own professional philosophy

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A series of four steps helps fulfill the purposes of TR. The acronym for the four steps is APIE, which stands for

assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation

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Standards of practice define the scope of services provided by TR professionals and state a minimal, acceptable level of service delivery.

true

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Match the range of intervention or treatment with its description.
Nontraditional activities
Therapeutic interventions
Traditional recreation activities
Activities by the clients’ family, environment, or community
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

Arts, sports, fitness and exercise, games, crafts, social activities, outdoor recreation, aquatics, and community outings
Leisure education, horticulture, volunteerism, adult education, and animal-assisted (pet) therapy
Cognitive stimulation, sensory awareness, assertiveness training, anger management, pain management, stress management, and leisure counseling
Relaxation, aromatherapy, yoga, and tai chi
Advocating for resources and support systems that facilitate successful recreation participation

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true

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Canada’s preferred therapeutic recreation model is the leisure ability model.

true

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Two major changes in the way adolescents relate to their families and the opposite sex are to

actively experiment with the numerous roles and identities they draw from the surrounding culture and to depend on friends to satisfy some of their basic needs

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The three major categories of development are

physical, cognitive, and socioemotional

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It is imperative as a leisure professional to develop insight into the process of applying the knowledge of various age-related characteristics to design, programming, and implementation of recreational opportunities for people within early life span years.

false

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The baby boomers are aging and have begun to hit retirement age. Leisure can be an especially important aspect of young adulthood because of the changes many people experience before this point in the life.

true

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The population of older adults is not very diverse, and recreation programmers will find it easy to effectively meet their needs

false

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When programmers carefully consider how to manage components of the leisure experience (facility, equipment, leadership) and appropriately address the developmental characteristics of the target audience, they greatly increase their ability to facilitate a leisure experience among participants.

true

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Physical development in infancy to early childhood includes

sitting, rolling, and increasing eye-hand coordination

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Leisure affords people of all ages unique opportunities for

enjoyment, fun, pleasure, affiliation, movement, and skill and personal development

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An important socioemotional developmental characteristic that affects the leisure and recreation behaviors of young adults is that friendships and romantic relationships are the primary means by which people seek to form intimate relationships with others in early adulthood. This involves an intricate balance of intimacy and commitment on the one hand and independence and freedom on the other.

true

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Activities best suited for middle adulthood are those that include

social components of support networks and friendships, quiet contemplation, challenge, a sense of accomplishment, and volunteerism and citizenship

Cognitive development in infancy to early childhood includes

recognizing objects, understanding cause and effect, and pretending

Activity is the vehicle by which outcomes such as challenge, accomplishment, self-efficacy, self-expression, and enjoyment are accomplished.

true

The socioemotional developmental characteristics that affect the leisure and recreational behaviors of people during middle adulthood include the following:

the desire to leave a legacy and guide the next generation; the time to reassess priorities and to evaluate, assess, and reflect; the opportunity to diversify their interests

true

Leisure affords people of all ages unique opportunities for

enjoyment, fun, pleasure, affiliation, movement, and skill and personal development

true

false

The population of older adults is not very diverse, and recreation programmers will find it easy to effectively meet their needs.

false

Two major changes in the way adolescents relate to their families and the opposite sex are to

actively experiment with the numerous roles and identities they draw from the surrounding culture and to depend on friends to satisfy some of their basic needs

"Good" recreation professionals need

understanding that goes beyond one's self, and they need to think from the perspective of other people, to dissuade people from lives centered on work and money, and to educate people about the freedoms in recreational choices

Programmers guess at what might happen as people come together with each other and each set of objects as a context for self-discovery, self-expression, learning, sharing, and enjoyment.

true

The purpose of programming

is to design opportunities so that people will interact with "leisure objects and environments" deriving a rewarding sense of meaning and self-worth from their personal investment (doing it)

Jobs in the leisure industry fall into two categories. They are

working directly with clientele or resources and working primarily to manage the system or organization

Recreation choices vary according to

culture, geography or climate, gender, social class, and religion

If the mind is not activated and you are not feeling a sense of satisfaction with yourself, probably whatever you are doing is not important. You may just be filling (killing) time.

true

Most recreation professionals developed their interest in the field from

firsthand experiences: playing on a recreational sport team, taking swim or acting lessons, or joining an interest group or club

What is play like when children are young?

Children engage in inventive play and absorb themselves in creating games, pictures, heroes, and homes.

Work, although stimulating to many people, is a very awe-inspiring and a rewarding creative challenge to most people who go to work day-in and day-out.

false

What makes something recreational is

a matter of personal experience and learned preference

Recreation is the most important, if not the only, choice we have control over in everyday life.

true

Joseph Lee believed that without opportunities that light you up on the inside, or worse, without opportunities at all, life will be unsatisfying.

true

Recreational sport participation occurs in both indoor and outdoor sport facilities.

true

Typical recreational sport participants include

all age groupings: children, youth, adolescents, adults, and senior citizens

Sports Participation in America lists a number of participation trends in recreational sport programming. Three of them are

females make up more than 60 percent of participants, health club memberships have almost doubled, and extreme sports participation has skyrocketed

Typical benefits of recreational sport to the community include

enhanced community identity and integration, community values, deterrent to antisocial behavior, and economic growth

The recreational aspect of sport in American and Canadian culture today is in its infancy and just becoming a recognized contributor to human enjoyment and vitality.

false

The top six trends in recreational sport management are in the areas of

funding and budgeting, legal aspects, sport facilities, technology, personnel, and programming areas

Changing times, continual awareness, and the increasing interest in sport participation and fitness by all age groups will continue to spur the growth of recreational sport management programs in the 21st century.

true

Professional organizations typically sponsor a range of continuing-education courses and are an important link in helping the recreational sport manager stay abreast of the rapidly changing recreational sport management field and its implications for program delivery.

true

The automobile made its grand entrance into national parks and forests between 1910 and 1920.

true

The following describes the attitude toward the environment of early European explorers and colonists:

ungodly and useless to a beneficent civilization; the wilderness was something that had to be conquered or subdued

The five components of outdoor and adventure programming are

outdoor recreation, nature-based tourism, environmental interpretation, adventure recreation, and adventure programming

In Canada, 11 of the top 15 favorite recreation activities take place outdoors.

true

Motorized travel is allowed in nature preserves in order to allow a variety of visitors to enjoy these protected areas.

true

Outdoor recreation has been shown by scholars to be a simple economic phenomenon that has myriad relationships with cultural, economic, environmental, and political systems.

true

Outdoor recreation preferences and ways of relating with nature differ considerably depending on ethnicity and cultural background.

true

The ocean, lakes, rivers, streams, canals, and a desert oasis all hold very little value as recreation and tourism resources.

false

The five forces that create an increased demand for outdoor recreation are

social forces, trends and lifestyles, economic behavior, socialization, and psychological phenomena

Outdoor recreation is the array of recreation behaviors, activities, and experiences that occur in or depend on the natural environment for their fulfillment.

true

Singles, as a demographic segment, are individuals and groups interested in specific forms of leisure and in interacting with others like them to form social bonds and relationships.

true

The legal status of an enterprise is not indicative to its choice of a name.

false

Tourism is defined as the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure, business, or other purposes.

true

The continued effects of terrorism are changing the nature of travel for most visitors.

true

The three primary characteristics of the tourism industry are

accommodations, food service, and transportation

When managing the tourist experience, the two major management systems that provide a seamless coordination of travel for tourists are

destination management organizations (DMOs) and meeting management organizations (MMOs)

The commercial recreation segment makes up

90 percent of the leisure industry

Technology will affect the way people access leisure opportunity and plan for use of facilities and areas.

true

The three reasons a business plan (before initiating a business) is imperative are that it

is the heart of a business enterprise, determines the way a business will receive and use fiscal resources, and is embedded within the marketing and financing projections that turn into a work plan

Travelers will become increasingly unwilling to pay additional money to protect the environment.

false

The four reasons for recreation and leisure's poor public profile are that

recreation is not considered a serious area of study or employment, hard facts revealing its benefits are difficult to come by, the impact on multiple areas of social and economic concern creates a fuzzy image, and we identify ourselves through work not leisure

Outcomes of parks, recreation, and leisure programs and services are always positive.

false

The four categories of positive outcomes attributed to parks, recreation, and leisure are

personal, social and cultural, economic, and environmental

Informal and formal processes are in place that will continue to enhance the status of parks, recreation, and leisure services among the public.

true

Most academic programs can trace their roots and evolution to one of three basic areas:

physical education, forestry and resource development programs, and business-based education

Leisure presents a paradox. Although leisure is the leading economic sector and the most important social service sector, the scope and magnitude of the benefits of leisure are not recognized and appreciated.

true

Efforts to improve the public's perception of recreation and leisure occur within the domains of

research and repositioning

Leisure services professionals are in a unique position to facilitate human development.

true

It is unrealistic to suggest that in any one locale benefits from all of the categories can be achieved through leisure.

true

When people experience spiritual wellness they might

discover the core element of existence that provides meaning, purpose, and value in life

The three ways that recreation supports health and well-being are through

wellness, leisure facilitation, and livability

Needs can always be melded into multiple specific areas and, in a similar manner, so can wellness activities.

true

The six dimensions of wellness are linked and interact continually.

true

One aspect of the smart growth movement relates to a sprawl index.

false

A 1996 report from the U.S. Surgeon General focused on a new health threat-lack of leisure-time physical activity.

true

A livable community is defined as

one where people can live safely, secure employment, acquire essential services, and gain access to a variety of leisure experiences

Leisure facilitation is defined as

intentional efforts by leisure providers toward facilitating positive growth, development, and optimal well-being

There is rarely an instance when a particular wellness activity incorporates more than one dimension of wellness.

false

Engaging in recreational activities supports physical wellness

by safeguarding the functional operation of the body, enabling people to reach and maintain optimal physical condition and nutritional health

The three recognized approaches to health care are

medical (focus on treatment), environmental (focus on decreasing exposure to toxins), and spiritual (focus on becoming integrated into a larger being)

Intellectual wellness, which can be enhanced through recreation, is a state of having

an active mind to support decision making and an enriched life

When people experience spiritual wellness they might

discover the core element of existence that provides meaning, purpose, and value in life

The three ways that recreation supports health and well-being are through

wellness, leisure facilitation, and livability

Final exam Flashcards

(98 cards)