FINAL EXAM Flashcards
(272 cards)
1
Q
What is the name for a type of hook used for bagged cargo that is designed to minimize the damage to the bag itself?
A
bag hook
2
Q
A cargo that doesn’t leak but can be damaged by leakage
A
Dry cargo
3
Q
A cask of 126 gallons (2)
A
pipe or butt
4
Q
The doors of a container are typically positioned which direction when the container is placed on the ship?
A
Aft
5
Q
Defn: Valves that can be closed, operated as checkvalves, or opened completely and are usually located on bilge suction pipes.
A
Stop-lift-check valves
6
Q
Defn: Any materials used to suppor and protect cargo regardless of the material type.
A
Dunnage
7
Q
Formula: Roll Period and GM
A
GM = (.44 x B) / T
8
Q
____________ is a type of airborne damage to cargo that is caused by dust particles; ventilation does not help remove these particles.
A
contamination
9
Q
A document that the vessel captain is reponsible for that details the location, class, amount and description of HAZMAT onboard.
A
Dangerous Cargo Manifest
10
Q
Defn: The innate tendency of certain goods to self damage through spontaneous heating, wasting, rotting, fermentation, etc. with sequential injury to other merchandise stowed in the same compartment.
A
Inherent vice
11
Q
Defn: The measurement of the volume of all the CARGO SPACES of a ship; a measurement of a vessel’s earning space.
A
Net Tonnage
12
Q
Defn: The actual weight of the volume of a ship, measured in long tons, and equal to the weight of water displaced by the vessel.
A
Displacement Tonnage
13
Q
Two (2) crucial pieces of information about the ship that must be known when making the tentative cargo plan and can be found on the capacity plan?
A
- Compartmentation 2. Volumes
14
Q
Defn: Colored marks and shapes that are placed on cargo so that destination can be noted at a glance,
A
Port Marks
15
Q
What is the difference between a label and a placard?
A
Label goes on individual packages of HAZMAT Placards go on the transport vehicle or container
16
Q
A person who performs the phycial act of loading and discharging cargo from a ship.
A
Longshoreman
17
Q
Moisture that may form on the cargo itself from the cargo.
A
Cargo sweat
18
Q
Defn: A small doubling plate located at the end of a bilge sounding pipe to prevent the sounding weight from weighing through the lower tank plating.
A
Striking plate
19
Q
Defn: The number of cubic feet required to stow 1 ton of a given cargo.
A
Stowage factor
20
Q
What is the percentage of total mixed gases for CO2 and O2 in the atmosphere of a reefer space?
A
21%
21
Q
A type of plan that answers many of the questions of whether a given cargo shipment can be stowed in any given compartment and what the effect on the ship will be.
A
Capacity plan
22
Q
Defn: Failure to exercise the degree of care considered reasonable under the circumstances, resulting in an unintended injury to another party.
A
Negligence
23
Q
A shipping document that has information about the ship such as space available, height restrictions, length limits, broken stowage, etc; Is a running tally of cargo booked for the ship. Used by the operations department to plan for the stowage of the ship
A
Engagement sheet
24
Q
What devices are used to secure one container to another stacked on top of it. Fits into the corner castings.
A
Twistlocks
25
The second-most common cause of moisture damage to cargo is from _______ sweat.
cargo sweat
26
Defn: The weight of all the cargo, fuel, stores, and supplies carried aboard a vessel; the actual carrying capacity of the vessel
Deadweight tonnage
27
Formula: Change in Trim
= (W x D) / MT1
28
What is the ROT regarding dewpoints of a cargo hold?
Always try to have the lowest dewpoint in cargo hold
29
Did the Harter Act of 1893 apply to international trade?
No
30
The tipping center is usually within _____ to ______ feet of amidships.
15 - 20 feet
31
Defn: The cargo space within a loaded ship that is NOT occupied by cargo.
Broken Stowage
32
Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: Non-hygroscopic cargo: Ship loaded in warmer climate - ship steams into cool climate and cools down
Ventilate
33
Defn: the pressure exerted by water vapor present in a volume of air (expressed in in. Hg)
vapor pressure
34
What is the most important stress to account for on a ship at sea?
Roll
35
Who is responsible for specifying the required temperature a refrigerated cargo is to be maintained at during shipping?
the shipper
36
Formula: Max. Ht. of Cargo
= (Deck Load Capacity x SF) / 2240
37
Defn: A document that gives more complete data about every cargo stowed in each compartment; is often paired with a Commodity plan to give all necessary info.
Hatch List
38
Formula: Mean sinkage
= Tons loaded / TPI
39
Formula: SWL wire
= square of circumference / 2.5
40
Defn: A type of final stowage plan that shows as much of the detail of the stowage as possible on the profile of the ship; presents a visual representation of the stowage that can be readily interpreted.
Commodity Stowage Plan
41
Defn: Cargo that is loaded for discharge at any one of several ports at the option of the shipper; must be read for discharge at all of several ports.
Optional cargo
42
What is the shape of all HAZMAT labels?
diamond-shaped
43
A cask of 63 gallons
hogshead
44
A cask of 31.5 gallons
barrel
45
What is the CFR number that regulates hazmat in the US?
46 CFR 171 -174
46
Formula: Stowage Factor of Grain
SF (Grain) = (2240lbs x 1.2445 cu. ft.) / lbs of grain per bushel
47
Which source of water vapor in a cargo hold causes the most problems?
hygroscopic cargos
48
Formula: Combined SF & Broken Stowage
F = SF / (1-L) SF = stowage factor L = broken stowage
49
Vapor pressure within cargo (increases/decreases) as the temperature increases?
increases.
50
Formula: Stress on Topping Lift
= (Length of topping lift) / (ht of mast x wt lifted)
51
Defn: The tendency or ability of a ship to right itself after being heeled to one side or the other (less than 15 degrees)
Initial stability
52
What can happen when oxygen and moisture are combined within a cargo hold?
corrosion
53
Referring to HAZMAT, what must be kept in a designated container on or near the bridge?
Dangerous Cargo Manifest
54
Defn: The measurement of the VOLUME of all the enclosed spaces on board a ship; applies to the vessel and not cargo
Gross Tonnage
55
Did the Harter Act have a provision for protection from fire?
No
56
What (6) protections were added under COGSA?
1. Act of War
2. Quarantine
3. Strikes
4. Insufficient cargo marking
5. Latent defects in cargo
6. Riots
57
What powers the modern ship-board crane?
electro-hydraulics OR hydraulics
58
A container designed for high-density cargo that is only 4ft high is known as a?
Half-height container
59
TRUE/FALSE: It is always beneficial to ventilate a cargo hold.
FALSE
60
List (3) main ways to reduce sweat damage to cargo:
1. dunnage (sweat battens) 2. tarps to cover top tier of cargo 3. VENTILATION
61
Commodities that are susceptible to breakage.
Fragile cargoes
62
The person or company that transports the goods for any person or company and is responsible for loss of goods during transit.
Carrier
63
Defn: The cubic capacity measured vertically from below the beam flanges down the top of the tank top; transverse measurements are taken from INSIDE the sweat battens. Longitudinal measurements are taken from INSIDE the stiffeners on the bulkheads.
Bale capacity
64
How often must be HAZMAT cargo spaces be inspected after loading?
every 24 hours unless an automatic fire detection system is inplace
65
A document issued to a carrier that attests to the functionality of cargo equipment, cleanliness of spaces and the stowage of cargo given to the carrier by an independent surveyor.
Loading certificate
66
The (2) main categories of casks are?
1. wet 2. dry
67
A stress that acts on the lower containers in a stack from the weight of those containers above them?
Stacking stresses
68
FORMULA: Tons to fit in given space (T)
= (V x (1 - L)) / f
69
When securing all cargo, a mate should always assume that what could happen to the ship the first night its out to sea?
it could run into a hurricane and the cargo should be stowed accordingly
70
A packaged load of unprocessed fibers moved as a cargo is known as what?
bale
71
A phrase used for the proper stowage of casks is:
"bung up and bilge free"
72
List the Advantages of containerization of cargo: (6)
1. Fast turnaround 2. Protection from pilferage and damage 3. Protect from wx 4. Cheaper 5. Consolidation 6. Intermodalism
73
The __________ cargo stowage plan is completed when all cargo has been loaded.
Final
74
What is the fundamental requirement of protecting cargo?
Segregation of cargo
75
A cloth laid beneath cargo to catch the spilled cargo from town or burst bags.
Separation cloths
76
What type of plan contains the bale and cubic capacities and VCGs of all the cargo holds?
Capacity plan
77
78% of air is made up of what chemical component?
nitrogen
78
The shipping document that is a list of all cargoes on board the ship and given to customs officials is called?
A Manifest
79
Size and shape of a hatch opening influences the ________ of movement of the crane or hook which affects the time required to load or discharge cargo.
speed
80
Defn: The center of gravity of the waterplane; Longitudinal center of floatation (LCF)
Tipping Center
81
If loading extremely heavy cargo what is a concern regarding the deck that must be considered?
deck load capacity
82
The cargo stowage plan shows tweendecks in a _____ view and the lower holds in ________ view.
Plan view Profile view
83
All efforts for preparing a cargo space to receive cargo is under the perview of the _______ Mate and should be noted in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
a. Chief Mate b. logbook
84
Preventing moisture and damage to cargo that results from condensation within a cargo hold is the primary objective of what?
ventilation
85
TRUE/FALSE: The Final Stowage Plan will look identical to the Tentative Stowage Plan.
False
86
Who approves or disapproves all stowage aboard a vessel?
the Master
87
For bagged cargo, what is the term used to describe a stacking/stowage method that provides the most ventilation?
"bag-on-bag" or "whole bag" method
88
A cask of 252 gallons
tun
89
An increase of 20 degs. Fahrenheit will roughly _________ the amount of water vapor a given amount of air can hold.
double
90
The warmer the air the (more/less) air it can hold?
more
91
Defn: small durable packages or pieces of cargo that may be stowed in the interstices or voids between larger pieces.
filler cargo
92
Defn: Cargo that is blocking the discharge of another cargo in one way or another.
Overstowage
93
A vessel with on-board cranes used to load and unload all manner of general cargo are generally known by what acronym?
LO-LO Lift On/Lift Off
94
Moisture that forms on the ship's structure and can drip onto the cargo as a result of temperature differences between the metal of the ship and the outside environment.
Ship sweat
95
Defn: The cubic capcity measured from the inside of the plating on all six sides less the volume taken up by the structureal members extending into the hold.
Grain capacity
96
(1) Cubic foot of wood is equal to how many "Board Feet"?
1 cubic foot (wood) = 12 Board feet
97
What does ERG refer to
Emergency Response Guidebook
98
What is the required size of HAZMAT labels?
4 inches x 4 inches minimum
99
What does LASH standfor?
Lighter Aboard Ship
100
The _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ______ is a nonprofit organization that is authorized by the USCG to issues documents that verify a ship is following safe stowage procedures for HAZMAT.
National Cargo Bureau (NCB)
101
Defn: The temperature of the air when measured by a regular thermometer (that does not account for relative humidity)
Dry-bulb temperature
102
What are the (2) types of Final Stowage Plans?
1. Commodity type plan 2. Block type plan
103
What kind of ventilation do modern ships possess?
forced ventilation
104
A wooden container that are built as a framework around cargo with open sides and tops.
crates
105
A ______ \_\_\_\_ on a pedestal crane prevents the jib from being raised too high.
boom stops
106
How much stronger is improved plow steel than regular plow steel?
15%
107
Defn: the weight of water vapor present in a given per unit weight of dry air
specific humidity
108
Defn: A type of dunnage that prevents contact with steel members of a vessel and thereby precludes the possibility of wetting with condesation.
Vertical Dunnage
109
A wooden box that is sheathed to form a tightly closed container around cargo.
case
110
A method of stowing bagged cargo as tightly as possible by placing bags halfway on top of the two bags below.
"half bag"
111
What is the minimum safety factor that should be used when determining breaking strain?
5
112
Commodities that are exceptionally dusty and always tend to leave a residue behind them.
Dirty cargo
113
The term used for when a container is lifted from the docks and placed aboard a ship.
Loading
114
What is the main purpose of dunnage placed beneath cargo when stowed?
prevent it from getting wet
115
Who makes the rules and regs involving the transportation of HAZMAT in the US?
Materials Transportation Board, Dept of Transportation
116
What can be fitted to the sides of a ship's cargo hold that serves to prevent cargo from contacting ship sweat?
sweat battens
117
Layers of cargo are referred to as:
tiers
118
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a type of airborne damage that is caused by vapors introduced to a cargo hold from odorous cargoes; ventilation does not help prevent this kind of damage.
tainting
119
Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: When the dewpoint of the outisde air is lower than the dewpoint of the hold?
Ventilate
120
The placing of strengthening materials beneath a deck in order to provide support for particularly heavy cargo stowed above
shoring
121
Cargoes that have the ability to absorb or release water vapor.
Hydroscopic cargo
122
True/False: The Tentative Cargo Plan is effectively the final cargo plan when it is complete and no further changes to the stowage plan can be expected.
False
123
What are two (2) critical components of a hatch that should be inspected prior to and upoon closure?
1. gaskets 2. knife edges
124
Defn: Stowage of a disproportionate amount of cargo for any one hatch while in a port.
Long hatch
125
The most important shipping document between carrier and shipper. Contains a complete description of the cargo and the provisions of carriage of the cargo.
Bill of Lading
126
What are (2) ways that water vapor can be introduced to a cargo hold?
1. outside air brought in by ventilation 2. hygroscopic cargos
127
FORMULA: Stowage factor (f)
= 2240/D
128
The document that serves as the contract between the shipper and the carrier.
Bill of Lading
129
A document that is affixed to the outside of any container or vehicle transporting HAZMAT.
Placard
130
Defn: cargo capable of absorbing moisture
hygroscopic cargo
131
List the Disadvantages of containerization of cargo: (6)
1. Container mx and distribution 2. Containers not loaded for sea shipment 3. Container weight and space 4. Not suitable for all types of cargo 5. Not enough ventilation 6. Require specialized ports and equipment
132
Defn: The weight of the vessel excluding cargo, fuel, and stores.
Lightship Displacement
133
Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: Non-hygroscopic cargo: Cargo loaded in cold climate - ship steams into warmer climate
Do NOT ventilate
134
What is the international convention made by the IMO that regulates hazardous cargo?
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code)
135
A "Board Foot" is equal to what dimensions:
12" x 12" x 1"
136
Who has the burden of proving freedom from negligence under the Harter Act?
The carrier
137
Formula: Stowage Factor (S.F.)
S.F. = 2240 (lbs) / Density
138
The amount of water vapor that a given sample of air can hold varies directly with the ___________ of the air.
temperature
139
A document that lists 16 categories relating to the safety, care, stowage, chemical make-up, emergency actions, etc. for a specific chemical.
Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
140
Defn: Cargo that is inadvertently left in the ship and taken beyond the port of discharge.
Overcarriage
141
Where should heavy cargo be loaded in reference to overall stowage?
At the bottom tiers
142
What does LO-LO stand for?
Lift On/Lift Off
143
21% of air is made up of what chemical component?
oxygen
144
What is the tool used to determine the dew point of a cargo hold while underway?
Sling psychrometer
145
The statute of limitation to file a claim how long under COGSA?
1 year
146
Defn: the weight of water present per volume of dry air
absolute humidity
147
Name (3) advantages of a modern crane over the married fall system?
1. greater spotting area 2. safety 3. simplicity of ops
148
Cargo highly susceptible to damage by tainting from the oderous cargo types.
Delicate cargo
149
What does PCC stand for?
Pure Car Carrier
150
Defn: Assembling large blocks of cargo on one level and in one compartment when able in order to eliminate small segments of cargo throughout the ship.
Block Stowage
151
Defn: A type of final stowage plan that shows the limitation of the cargo, but numbers placed on the profile of the ship represent a line or list placed below the profile of the ship or on a separate piece of paper. Contains the most detail of the cargo and stowage.
Block Stowage Plan
152
When the dew point, saturation point, and wet-bulb temperature are all the same the air is said to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
saturated
153
What are the (3) rotational moments of a ship?
Roll Pitch Yaw
154
Cargos that stow over 40 cubic feet per ton and are payed for but the cubic are called _____________ Cargoes.
Measurement cargoes
155
(3) requirements of the shipowner by the Harter Act of 1893:
1. Properly stow and care for cargo 2. Due diligence to man, equip, and provision ship 3. Due diligence for seaworthiness
156
Cargoes that store under 40 cubic feet per ton and are paid for by the ton are called ______________ cargoes.
Deadweight cargoes
157
Ensuring that cargo is divided among cargo holds so that one hold does not contain a disproportionate number of gang hours of work to discharge is preventing what?
the "long hatch"
158
This act applied to ship borne trade on an international scale:
Carriage of Goods By Sea Act 1936 (COGSA)
159
What is the term used for the placing of cargo inside a container?
Stuffing
160
A Bill of Lading in which no exceptions are noted on it is said to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Clean
161
What can be used to plan for the number of work gangs required to load or unload a vessel?
Tentative Cargo Plan
162
How could the Harter Act be applied to international trade?
If specified on the bill of lading
163
When the vapor pressure within a hygroscopic cargo exceeds the vapor pressure of a cargo hold the cargo will do what?
give off moisture
164
What are the (5) stowage principles?
1. Protect the ship 2. Protect the cargo 3. Maximize cubic 4. Rapid load/discharge 5. Safety
165
Defn: The weight of the vessel fully loaded with cargo, fuel, and stores; Loaded to the load line.
Loaded or Heavy Displacement
166
What is one of the first initial actions you must take in the event of a fire onboard ship?
secure ventilation immediately
167
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cargo decreases broken stowage and can help shore up larger cargo it fits between.
filler cargo
168
A piece of dunnage that leads upward from the deck toward the cargo being held in place.
Shore
169
A cargo that is liquid but stored in containers and has the possibility of leakage. Does NOT refer to bulk liquid cargos
Wet cargo
170
Defn: All the drain pipes from upper decks and drain holes in the hold that carry off liquids to the drain well in the lower holds.
Limber system
171
Defn: Long metal handles used to operate stop-lift-check valves in the bilges from the deck; act as extentions of the valve stems
Reach rods
172
A receipt of cargo by the vessel that is signed by the chief mate is called?
A mate's receipt
173
Items found on the capacity plan: (9)
1. Volume 2. Compartmentation 3. Safety areas 4. Clearances 5. Deck load capacities 6. Geometric centers 7. Trimming table 8. Deadweight scale 9. Cargo gear arrangements and limits
174
Cargo bound for the (first/last) ______ port of call should be loaded first on the ______ tiers.
first bottom
175
Formula: Broken Stowage (L)
L = [(V - v) / V] x 100 L = % broken stowage V = volume of cargo space v = volume of cargo
176
What steps should be taken after enountering heavy wx when tranporting dangerous cargo?
Inspect HAZMAT cargo spaces
177
Formula: Invisible Distance (I) Blind Spot Calc.
Invisible Distance (I) = (Height at Bow (B) x Distance from the Bridge to Bow (D)) / (Ht at Bridge (A) - Ht at Bow (B))
178
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an organization that can act as a surveyor for reefer spaces and machinery.
ABS
179
Name (3) common components of a container lash system:
1. Tensioner 2. Rods 3. Turnbuckles
180
A piece of dunnage leading horizontally that is placed to prevent the shifting of cargo and possibility of crushing.
Brace
181
What does PCTC stand for?
Pure Car/Truck Carrier
182
The doors of reefer containers are usually facing what direction when placed on the ship, and why?
Forward, to protect refrigeration machinery
183
Defn: Occurs when the maximum amount of water vapor a volume of air can hold at a given temperature is present
saturation
184
How long must the Dangerous Cargo Manifest be kept on the ship after a voyage?
1 year
185
Cargoes that do not leave a residue and are not likely to leak.
Clean cargo
186
Dunnage such as "Venetian vent," "rice ventilator," sweat battens serve what purpose?
Ventilate cargo
187
Formula: # of Tons in a given space
T = [V x (1 - L)] / SF
188
The department of a liner company that decides the freight rate, surchages, and issues the Freight Invoice.
Freight Department
189
An improperly cleaned reefer space may cause ______ to form even iff the spaces meet optimum temperatures, humidity and air motion.
mold
190
What is the name of the document issued by the NCB that verifies a ship is compliant with the HAZMAT stowage regulations?
Certificate of Loading
191
Lashings for cargo should be made out of what?
chain or wire
192
Formula: Breaking strain of wire
= 2.5 x square of circumference
193
A document used by carrier to note delivery of cargo and any exceptions that cargo may have.
Dock Receipt
194
A guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific nd general hazards of a material involved in an incident.
Emergency Response Guidebook
195
A person who plans and supervises the loading or dischargin of a ship:
Stevedore
196
The person or company to be advised by the carrier upon arrival of the goods at the destination port.
Notify Party
197
A major concern with baled cargo and some times of unprocessed fibers is what hazard?
fire
198
A ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ on a crane indicates the angle of the jib.
boom indicator
199
Defn: Pieces of metal placed on the deck around the corners of hatch opening to maintain the structural strength of the decks.
Doubler plates
200
(3) basic purposes of hatch covers:
1. seal the hatch 2. protect ship and cargo 3. support weight of deck cargo
201
The ________ or _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_ should brief all of the ship's officers in regard to the loading operation.
Master Chief Mate
202
What document is used to layout the Tentative Cargo Plan?
Engagement sheet
203
Defn: Cargo stowage so as to eliminate small segments of cargo in several loactions in any one hatch and attempt to assemble large blocks at one level in one compartment.
Block stowage
204
A Bill of Lading in which the shipper has not yet paid for shipment. The consignee will not receive the cargo until they present an endorsed Bill of Lading at the discharge port.
Order Bill of Lading
205
What is an addition that can be added by a manufacture that makes bagged cargo easier to pick up and move by the individual longshoreman?
"dog ears"
206
What percentage of deck cargo can be composed of HAZMAT?
no more than 50%
207
The plan that shows the approximate amounts of tons or units of a cargo that is planned for a space?
Tentative Cargo Plan
208
What (2) laws is the Bill of Lading based off of?
1. Harter Act 2. COGSA
209
The supplier or owner of commodities shipped.
Shipper
210
Defn: The temperature of the air that is measured accounting for relative humdity
Wet-bulb temperature
211
A stress that occurs on containers that occurs when the ship rolls and forces the top of the container out of alignment with the bottom?
Racking stresses
212
1 board foot is equal to?
1" x 12" x 12"
213
What specific ship's officer should have a copy of the Tentative Cargo Plan?
Chief Mate
214
(6) protections provided by the Harter Act of 1893 to shipowners:
1. Errors of nav or ship management 2. Perils of the sea 3. Insufficiency of packing 4. Legal seizure 5. Omission of shipper 6. Saving life or property at sea
215
An individual that takes care of claims arising from cargo disputes or damage is referred to as?
Claims Agent
216
Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: Hygroscopic cargo: vessel sailing from warm climate to a cold climate
Ventilate
217
The most important aspects of due dilligence in cargo operations are what (3) items?
1. proper handling 2. stowage 3. care of cargo
218
Who must ensure the cargo is properly labelled when shipping, the carrier or the shipper?
The shipper
219
Is the carrier or the shipper responsible for properly stuffing cargo into the containers and properly securing the cargo inside the containers.
The shipper
220
The term used for when a container is removed from a ship.
Discharging
221
Protection, under COGSA, extended to stevedores and independent contractors loading and discharging a ship is provided by a ___________ clause.
"Himalaya" clause
222
The party shown on the bill of lading to who the shipment is consigned.
Consignee
223
What does the acronym ROPAX mean?
Roll-on/Roll-Off Passenger vessel (FERRY)
224
Cardboard walled containers used to hold smaller cargo is known as what?
carton
225
Cargo that is re-bagged after falling free from bagged cargo is called:
"ship-fills"
226
How is a freight rate determined?
Based on maximum revenue by cubic or by weight
227
Defn: The ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount of water vapor the air is capable of holding at that temperature.
relative humdity
228
A Bill of Lading in which no endorsement is necessary and in which the consignee has paid for shipment.
Straight Bill of Lading
229
What was the additional requirement imposed on the shipowner by COGSA?
That all cargo spaces are fit and safe for carrying cargo
230
The term used for heaving on the winches of both booms of a married fall system in order to get the load up high enough to clear the bulwarks; Results in a great angle between the two falls and the two winches pulling against one another, placing great strain on all the gear involved
tight lining
231
What shows the limitations of stowage as to height, location of bulkheads and other concerns for cargo?
Tentative Cargo plan
232
A ________ must be kept of the temperature maintained in reefer spaces during the a voyage.
records / logs
233
Forumla: SWL rope
BS / SF
234
Most damage to cargo occurs from _____ sweat.
ship sweat
235
The individual within a liner company that managers the operations department, solicits cargo, analyzes routes and cargo flow, and has inputs over new ship construction and charting:
Freight Traffic Manager
236
A shipping company with regular, scheduled service on a regular route is known by what term?
Liner company
237
Who enforces the regulations in the US for the transportation of HAZMAT?
USCG
238
LEL means?
Lower Explosive Limit
239
The range of concentration of a gas or vapor that will burn or explode if an ignition source is introduced.
Flammable (or Explosive) range
240
Defn: The number of cubic feet (space) required to stow one ton of a given cargo without any broken stowage.
Stowage Factor
241
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _________ are used to lift the container, to lock into other containers, or secure it to the ship and are located at the corners of the container.
Corner castings
242
UEL means?
Upper Explosive Limit
243
Other than ABS what is another organization that a carrier can hire to survey ship equipment prior to carrying cargo?
National Cargo Bureau (NBC)
244
FORMULA: Rate of Air Flow (reefer)
V = R x A V = volume R = spd of air A = cross section of air path
245
Generally, all cargo needs _______ placed beneath it when stowed.
Dunnage
246
What is the ditty for ventilation of non-hygroscopic cargo?
"Hot to Cold - Ventilate Bold, Cold to Hot, Ventilate Not."
247
What occurs if additional water vapor is present with air in a saturated condition?
condensation
248
Ventilation can more accurately be described as _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for cargo holds.
air conditioning
249
Defn: The difference between the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures
Wet-bulb depression
250
What is the minimum distance that HAZMAT can be stowed in relation to lifeboats?
25 feet
251
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ __________ were constructed to permit the containers to be lowered within a confined boundary which was strong enough to restrain containers below deck.
Cell guides
252
Athwartship and fore and aft lines of stowage are referred to as what?
rows
253
Defn: A term used to indicate the steps taken to prevent damage to cargoes from condensed moisture in cargo holds.
Ventilation
254
If a bagged cargo does not require as much venting and one desires to maximize the use of available cubic one would use what method?
"Half-bag" method
255
Defn: The weight that must be loaded to increase (or discharge to decrease) the mean draft by one inch.
Tons per inch immersion (TPI)
256
Defn: The temperature at which condensation will occur for a given volume of air
dew point
257
What is the time frame for conducint pre-cooling on a reefer space prior to cargo being loaded?
at least 24 hours
258
A marking or document that denotes a hazard of a cargo by means of color and symbol.
Label
259
A container used for cargo that does not conform to the normal container sizes because it is too awkward or big is called:
Flat rack container
260
A piece of dunnage that leads from the overhead down to the cargo to prevent shifting.
Tom
261
The diversity of the cargo, its inherent characterisitics, size, shape, and weight determine how the cargos must be ___________ from one another.
segregated
262
Commodities that give off fumes that are likely to taint certain susceptible cargoes.
Oderous cargo
263
Removing cargo from a container is usually referred to as?
Un-stuffing
264
A method for stacking bagged cargo that can improve the stability of the stowage is known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
criss-cross method
265
What other items should be taken into consideration for pre-cooling with the reefer space?
Dunnage or gratings
266
Each container stowage location is identified by a \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Bay Row Tier
267
What should not be used for lashing because it can loosen throughout the voyage?
no soft line
268
Name (2) U.S. organizations that act as marine surveyors for reefer and other cargo spaces and equipment.
1. American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) 2. National Cargo Bureau (NBC)
269
A method of stowing bagged cargos by placing the bags directly on top of one another.
"bag-on-bag" method
270
"Chilled" cargo is carried at about ______ to ______ degrees above the freezing point of that cargo.
1 - 2 degrees
271
During loading ops for HAZMAT what is the requirement for the ship's officer?
An officer must be present on deck to supervise loading of HAZMAT
272
When a ship is completely loaded with cargo so that her deadweight capacity is used the term used is:
"Full and Down"
