Final Exam Chapter 7 review Flashcards
(44 cards)
Name 4 hormones that promote growth and development
- Growth Hormone (GH
- Thyroid hormones ( T4 & T3)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- luetenizing hormone
What are the energy effects of the thyroid hormones (T3/T4)?
- helps with red blood cell formation
- maintains sensitivity to oxygen and CO2
- helps with oxygen consumption
- utilizes glucose effectively
- helps with metabolizing fats, carbs, and protein
What are the growth effects of the thyroid hormones (T3/T4)?
- It allows GH to exert its full effects
- bone growth in children
- neural development
- promotes secretion of growth hormone
- heat production, especially in children
What are the ANS effects of the thyroid hormones (T3/T4)?
- increases heart heart and blood pressure by contractions
- Increases sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation
What is the stimulus (the cause for secretion) for T3/T4 and the source?
Stimulus- Increase in TSH
Source- Thyroid gland
What are the target organ/cells for T3/T4?
MOST CELLS (brain, heart, muscles, liver, kidneys, and adipose tissue ETC.)
What would happen if there was over secretion or under secretion of T3/T4?
Over secretion- Hyperthyroidism
Under secretion- Hypothyroidism
What is the result (function) of TSH?
Secretes thyroid hormones T3 and T4
What does the growth hormone do?
- Help with growth in the body
- increases blood glucose levels
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1- It is insulin dependent, the pancreas cannot produce insulin, an autoimmune disorder, not that genetic, have to inject insulin, often develops during childhood, need of insulin pump
Type 2- It is very genetic, the pancreas produces insulin but the cells cannot respond to the insulin properly (GLUT 4 receptors), so it is insulin resistant, most common, associated with obesity
What is the big difference between insulin and glucagon?
Insulin- Decreases blood glucose levels
Glucagon- Increases blood glucose levels
What are the target cells that Insulin and Glucagon target?
Insulin- Most cells in their membranes (EXCEPT neurons and kidneys)
Glucagon- Liver, adipose tissues
What is the difference between body cell response when Insulin or glucagon bind to the cells?
Insulin- Helps with glucose uptake in the cells by increasing transport proteins, enhances ATP production, helps with glycogen formation so glucose can be stored, helps with amino acid absorption and protein synthesis, helps with absorption of glucose in adipose tissue which makes more triglycerides
Glucagon- Helps with breakdown of glycogen in skeletal muscles and liver cells, helps breakdown triglycerides, helps with production of glucose in the liver
What is the difference in liver response when Insulin or glucagon is involved?
Insulin- Helps the liver take more glucose to form it into glycogen to be stored
Glucagon- It turns the stored glycogen back into glucose and releases out to the bloodstream
what is the difference in adipocyte response between insulin and glucagon?
Insulin- by helping glucose uptake and makes more triglyceride, and it stops the breaking down of triglycerides and forms them
Glucagon- It helps breakdown of triglycerides to use for glucose,
What is the stimulus (the cause for secretion) for insulin and the source?
Stimulus- High blood glucose levels
Source- Pancreas beta cells
What is the stimulus (the cause for secretion) for glucagon and the source?
Stimulus- Low blood glucose levels
Source- Pancreas alpha cells
What are the target organ/cells for Insulin?
Most cells (the liver, the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, Heart, GLUT 4, Etc.)
What are the target organ/cells for Glucagon?
Liver, Adipose tissue
What would happen if there was over secretion or under secretion of Insulin?
Over secretion- Low levels of glucose, accelerates glucose production, Storing glucose too fast, forms triglycerides too fast in adipose tissue, turns glucose into glycogen too fast
Under secretion- High levels of glucose in the blood, Breaks down triglycerides too fast, produces glucose and releases it to the blood way too fast (gluconeogenesis)
What would happen if there was over secretion or under secretion of Glucagon?
Over secretion- Too high of blood glucose levels, Breaks down glycogen too fast and triglycerides, and does gluconeogenesis way too fast
Under secretion- Low blood glucose levels, Doesn’t break down glycogen or triglycerides, stores too much glycogen
What is the result (function) of insulin?
- Accelerates glucose uptake in cells
- utilizes glucose well and makes ATP
- Makes glycogen
- makes triglycerides
What is the result (function) of Glucagon?
breaks down glycogen and triglycerides
- stimulates production of glucose in the liver
What is the difference between calcitonin and parathyroid hormones in calcium regulation?
Calcitonin- Responds to hypercalcemia in the blood (high calcium levels in the blood), Which slows down osteoclasts which reduces the rate of calcium being released, has the kidney excrete calcium, and prevents the intestines from absorbing calcium
Parathyroid hormones- Responds to hypocalcemia in the blood (low calcium levels), Which increases osteoclasts and increases calcium storage in bones, and increases the absorption of calcium in the intestines,
