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Physiology > Final Exam: Combined Endocrine & Comprehensive > Flashcards

Final Exam: Combined Endocrine & Comprehensive Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones produced and stored in the anterior pituitary and released into circulation (6)

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, GH

FLATPiG

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2
Q

Most common form of intercellular communication

A

Paracrine communication

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3
Q

Hormones that control cortisol secretion

A

(1) ACTH & (2) CRH from the fetal pituitary & placenta

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4
Q

Cells that posses receptors that bind and “read” hormonal messages

A

target cells

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5
Q

Location for nonsteroidal hormone receptors

A

cell membrane

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6
Q

Location for steriod hormone receptors

A

cell cytoplasm or nucleus

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7
Q

Molecules that bind the receptor & induce all the post-receptor events that lead to a biologic effect

A

agonists

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8
Q

Molecules that bind the receptor and block the binding of the agonist, but fail to trigger intracellular signaling events

A

antagonists

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9
Q

Examples of on-lipid soluble hormones

A

Epinephrine & norepinephrine, ADH, ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, glucagon

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10
Q

Examples of lipid soluble hormones

A

testosterone, T3, T4, calcitonin

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11
Q

When the output of a pathway inhibits inputs to the pathway

A

negative feedback (furnace is negative feedback circuit

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12
Q

The root of most control mechanisms in the endocrine system

A

Feedback circuits

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13
Q

Hormone that stimulates thyroid

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

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14
Q

The portion of the pituitary gland that is directly connected to the brain

A

posterior pituitary

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15
Q

Another name for pituitary gland

A

hypophysis

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16
Q

Location of pituitary gland

A

immediately beneath the hypothalamus, in the base of the skull in the sella turnica

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17
Q

The portion of the pituitary that is an extension of the hypothalamus

A

anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

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18
Q

The hormones produced in the hypothalamus released from posterior pituitary gland

A

ADH, oxytocin

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19
Q

The majority of hormones from the hypothalamus are hormone-[releasing/inhibiting]

A

The majority of hormones from hypothalamus are hormone-releasing

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20
Q

Hormones that stimulates the adrenal gland

A

CRH > ACTH

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21
Q

Hormones that stimulate gonads in anterior pituitary

A

GnRH > FSH & LH

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22
Q

Hormone that inhibits prolactin

A

hypothalamic dopamine

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23
Q

Function of LH

A

Produce testosterone

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24
Q

Prohormone of T3

A

T4

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25
Central cavity of sticky fluid on thyroid
colloid
26
Hormones produced in the colloid when iodine attaches to glycoprotein
thyroglobulin
27
Location of calcitonin in thyroid
Parafollicular cells (C cells)
28
Function of calcitonin
Calcitonin tones down calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts (cells that release calcium into blood) and prohibiting osteoblasts
29
Negative feedback relationship in parathyroid
Parathyroid hormone & calcitonin
30
Function of PTH
Increases calcium reabsorption > increases excretion of phosphate in urine (PTH: Phosphorus trashing hormone)
31
Another name for calcitriol
Vitamin D3
32
Cells that release PTH in the parathyroid
Chief cells of parathyroid
33
Hormones released by glomerulosa of adrenal gland
aldosterone (salt)
34
Hormones released by fasciculata of adrenal gland
cortisol (sugar)
35
Hormones released by reticularis
testosterone and estrogen (sex)
36
Hormones (2) released by the cortex of adrenal gland
norepinephrine, epinephrine
37
Short-term stress, fight-or-flight response, mediated by hormones epinephrine & norepinephrine from adrenal medulla via general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
alarm reaction
38
Second stage of stress response if stress is not relieved
Stage of resistance
39
Final stage of stress response if the stress continues for a longer time, may suffer depression, immune response, severe fatigue
Stage of exhaustion
40
Tissue that the adrenal medulla tissue is composed of
postganglionic sympathetic nervous system neurons
41
Functions (2) of pineal gland
Inhibits reproduction function, setting circadian rhythms
42
Percent of pancreas that has endocrine function
1%
43
Function and location of alpha-Islets of Langerhans
Release glucagon; located peripherial
44
Function and location of beta-Islets of Langerhans
Release insulin; located centrally
45
Function and location of delta-Islets of Langerhans
Release somatostatin; interspersed
46
Transporter responsible for getting insulin into skeletal m and adipose tissue
GLUT 4 transporter
47
Cells that secrete inhibin in the testes
nurse (sustentacular) cells
48
Blend of thymic hormones that develop & maintain normal immune defenses
thymosins
49
Normal pH range of arterial blood
7.35-7.45
50
Blood pH below 7.35
acidosis
51
Blood pH above 7.45
alkalosis
52
The physiological effect of acidosis
depression of synaptic transmission in CNS
53
The physiological effect of alkalosis
hyperexcitability of CNS and peripheral nerves
54
Hydrogen (proton) donors
acids (donate H+ to a base)
55
Hydrogen (proton) acceptors
alkaline OR base (accepts H+)
56
Movement of uncharged, hydrophobic solute through a lipid bilayer
diffusion
57
Compensation used for an acidic pH in blood
respiratory compensation
58
"Acid" component in blood
carbon dioxide (CO2)
59
"Basic" component in blood
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
60
Most powerful but slow form of compensation
renal compensation
61
General type of cells that read contents of lumen & prevent overcompensation for an imbalance
Chemoreceptor cells
62
Degree of compensation where body has made no attempt to correct acid-base imbalance
uncompensated
63
Degree of compensation where body is attempting to correct the imbalance but blood pH remains abnormal
partially compensated
64
Degree of compensation where the body has corrected the imbalance and blood pH is normal but other blood gas values remain abnormal
fully compensated
65
Measurements to determine acid-base status
pH, PCO2, PO2, bicarbonate
66
Layers of the heart, lumen
epicardium > myocardium > endocardium
67
Sequence of valves in heart
68
Function of SA node
Increase HR, increase contractility
69
Sequence of electrical action propagation
SA > AV > Bundle of His >L, R bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
70
Phases of ventricular action potential (slide 59)

Physiology (5 decks)

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