Final Exam- Identifications

Question 1

Vertical integration

Answer 1

The consistency, coordination and collaboration across different levels of government

Question 2

Horizontal integration

Answer 2

The capacity of government departments in charge of different policy issues to work together

Question 3

International labor organization (ILO)

Answer 3

-1919
-United Nations Agency, whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting intl labor standards

Question 4

Integration

Answer 4

Process by which supranational institutions come to replace national ones = shifting of sovereignty from national institutions toward regional/global ones.
-adoption of policies by countries as if they were a single political unit

Question 5

Treaty of Rome

Answer 5

-1957
-the founding doc. of the European Economic Community, now subsumed by the European Union
- created the orgabziations Euratom and EEC

Question 6

Supranationalism

Answer 6

BEYOND States, decisions by institutions and not governments
-larger institutions and groupings such as the European Union to which state authority or national identity is subordinated

Question 7

Common Market

Answer 7

A zone in which labor and capital flow freely across borders

Question 8

Customs union

Answer 8

a common external tariff adopted by members of a free trade area ; that is participating states adopt a unified set of tariffs with regard to goods coming in from outside

Question 9

EU Social Fund (ESF)

Answer 9

-Europe’s main instrument for supporting jobs, helping people get better jobs and ensuring fairer job opportunities for all EU citizens

Question 10

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)

Answer 10

An free trade agreement between the 3 countries
-supports mutually beneficial trade resulting in freer market which results in robust economic growth

Question 11

European Union (EU)

Answer 11

the official term for the European Community and associated treaty organizations
-in 2018 it had 28 member states

Question 12

Intergovernmentalism

Answer 12

National governments make active efforts to integrate
- UN
-slow process
-maybe no real progress toward supranationalism b/c governments do NOT surrender power to organization

Question 13

Single European Act

Answer 13

-1985
-an act that set a target date of the end of 1992 for the creation of a true common market in the European community

Question 14

Digital divide

Answer 14

the gap access to information technologies between rich and poor people and between the global North and the global South

Question 15

Neocolonialism

Answer 15

Big powers use economic ties + culture to maintain structures

Question 16

Widening

Answer 16

If can go wide can’t go deep
Expanding in who is involved in the organization,

Question 17

Deepening

Answer 17

Creating more policies and rules internally ex. EU - creating own currency

Question 18

Collective goods

Answer 18

Something that, once created , becomes freely available to everyone “consumption” by individual doesn’t reduce possibility of other to consume it

Question 19

Regimes

Answer 19

-provide rules based on the reciprocity principle to govern bargaining over who gets the benefits and bears the costs of enviromental protection
- a possible solution to enviromental collective goods problem

Question 20

Kyoto Protocol

Answer 20

-a major international treaty on global warming, which entered into effect in 2005 and mandated cuts in carbon emissions; almost all the world’s major countries, except US, were participants

Question 21

Micro/Macro Paradox

Answer 21

1 farmer produces more = prosperity , many farners produce more = suppky increases so price and profits fall
- expand coverage / Little collateral needed / fast BUT overall no significance

Question 22

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Answer 22

the most prominent cartel in the INTL economy; its members control about half the world’s total oil exports, enough to affect the world price of oil significantly

Question 23

Import Substitution Industrialization

Answer 23

• a strategy to move up the economic development ladder via independence
• start by manufacturing what is currently imported

Question 24

Structural Adjustment

Answer 24

A set of economic reforms that a country must adhere to in order to secure a loan from the IMF/ World Bank

Question 25

Montreal Protocol

Answer 25

-phase out ozone-depleting gases
-an agreement on the protection of the ozone layer in which states pledged to reduce and then elminatte use of chlorofluorocarbons; it is the most successful enviromental treaty to date

Question 26

Biodiversity

Answer 26

-the tremendous diverisity of plant and animal species making up the earth’s ecosystems

Question 27

Transnational Advocacy Networks (TAN)

Answer 27

Actors working internationally on issue and bound by shared values, common discourse and exchanges of information and services

Question 28

Enclosure

Answer 28

the splitting of a common area or good into privately owned pieces, giving individual owners an incentive to manage resources responsibily

Question 29

Youth bulge

Answer 29

Population growth not only affects number of people in country , but also age composition

Question 30

Demographic transition model

Answer 30

the pattern of falling death rates, followed by falling birthrates, that generally accompanies industrialization and econ development

Question 31

International labor mobility

Answer 31

-geographical and occupational movement of workers
-movement of workers between countries
-based on the difference in resources between countries

Question 32

Poverty trap

Answer 32

Lack of capital/credit that prevents escape from poverty

Question 33

Mono-economies

Answer 33

-an economy mainly dependent on a single product or resource ex. Nigeria with crude oil

Question 34

North-South gap

Answer 34

The disparity in resources between the instrialized, relatively rich countries of the West and the poorer countries of Africa , the middle east and much of Asia and Latin America

Question 35

Remittances

Answer 35

money sent home by migrant workers to individuals in their country of origin

Question 36

Resource curse

Answer 36

-(Paradox of plenty )
-abundance of resources leads to “curse” of corruption (embezzlement) and stagnation, increases exchange rate so hurts other exports (and diversified economy) , even economic contraction

Question 37

World systems theory

Answer 37

Core(N), Semi-Periphery (SP), Periphery (S)= GLOBAL inequality= unequal exchange, allocation of resources and division of labor across STATES

Question 38

Decolonization

Answer 38

Open door ideology
Transition away from colonization structures
Frees people from colonial status
Ex French left Vietnam

Question 39

Dependency

Answer 39

Poor countries are poor to help rich countries because they export good to help rich countries ex. Angola is poor to help surrounding rich countries

Question 40

New international Economic Order (NIEO)

Answer 40

-1970
-help countries exercise more control over natural resources
-promote economic development among the poor countries through self-help

Question 41

Grameen Bank

Answer 41

-founded in1983 in Bangladesh
-muhammad Yunus awarded Nobel peace prize in 2006
- microcredit summits starting in 1997 to reach 175 million fams at $1 / day