Final Exam- Identifications Flashcards
(41 cards)
Vertical integration
The consistency, coordination and collaboration across different levels of government
Horizontal integration
The capacity of government departments in charge of different policy issues to work together
International labor organization (ILO)
-1919
-United Nations Agency, whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting intl labor standards
Integration
Process by which supranational institutions come to replace national ones = shifting of sovereignty from national institutions toward regional/global ones.
-adoption of policies by countries as if they were a single political unit
Treaty of Rome
-1957
-the founding doc. of the European Economic Community, now subsumed by the European Union
- created the orgabziations Euratom and EEC
Supranationalism
BEYOND States, decisions by institutions and not governments
-larger institutions and groupings such as the European Union to which state authority or national identity is subordinated
Common Market
A zone in which labor and capital flow freely across borders
Customs union
a common external tariff adopted by members of a free trade area ; that is participating states adopt a unified set of tariffs with regard to goods coming in from outside
EU Social Fund (ESF)
-Europe’s main instrument for supporting jobs, helping people get better jobs and ensuring fairer job opportunities for all EU citizens
United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)
An free trade agreement between the 3 countries
-supports mutually beneficial trade resulting in freer market which results in robust economic growth
European Union (EU)
the official term for the European Community and associated treaty organizations
-in 2018 it had 28 member states
Intergovernmentalism
National governments make active efforts to integrate
- UN
-slow process
-maybe no real progress toward supranationalism b/c governments do NOT surrender power to organization
Single European Act
-1985
-an act that set a target date of the end of 1992 for the creation of a true common market in the European community
Digital divide
the gap access to information technologies between rich and poor people and between the global North and the global South
Neocolonialism
Big powers use economic ties + culture to maintain structures
Widening
If can go wide can’t go deep
Expanding in who is involved in the organization,
Deepening
Creating more policies and rules internally ex. EU - creating own currency
Collective goods
Something that, once created , becomes freely available to everyone “consumption” by individual doesn’t reduce possibility of other to consume it
Regimes
-provide rules based on the reciprocity principle to govern bargaining over who gets the benefits and bears the costs of enviromental protection
- a possible solution to enviromental collective goods problem
Kyoto Protocol
-a major international treaty on global warming, which entered into effect in 2005 and mandated cuts in carbon emissions; almost all the world’s major countries, except US, were participants
Micro/Macro Paradox
1 farmer produces more = prosperity , many farners produce more = suppky increases so price and profits fall
- expand coverage / Little collateral needed / fast BUT overall no significance
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
the most prominent cartel in the INTL economy; its members control about half the world’s total oil exports, enough to affect the world price of oil significantly
Import Substitution Industrialization
- a strategy to move up the economic development ladder via independence
- start by manufacturing what is currently imported
Structural Adjustment
A set of economic reforms that a country must adhere to in order to secure a loan from the IMF/ World Bank
