Identifications Midterm #1

Question 1

Levels of Analysis

Answer 1

• point to location , size, or scale of a research target - 1) close reading 2) local analysis 3) global analysis - observe the world at various degrees aka Russia v Ukraine , take approach of national or civilian life or focus on Putin etc.

Question 2

IGO

Answer 2

Organization whose members are state govents. Intergovernmental organization - NATO , WTO

Question 3

NGO

Answer 3

non governmental organization, green peace ,world wildlife fund ,

Question 4

Nation State

Answer 4

States whose populations share a sense of national identity, usually including a language & culture ex China , Indian Nations

Question 5

Alliances

Answer 5

A union or association formed for mutual benefit , especially between countries or organizations ( Australian and New Zealand - Canberra act )

Question 6

Sovereignty

Answer 6

Supreme power or authority; you are in control ex. US

Question 7

MNC

Answer 7

Multinational/ transnational corp ; use materials from other places to sell in other places ex. IBM, Microsoft and Apple

Question 8

Cold War containment

Answer 8

policy adopted in late 1940s by which the US sought to halt the global expansion of Soviet Influence on several levels - military, political, ideology & econ

Question 9

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 9

(1962) a superpower crisis, sparked by the SU installations of medium-range nuclear missiles, marks moment when US & SU came close to nuclear war

Question 10

NATO

Answer 10

Alliance of countries Europe and North American

Question 11

Globalization

Answer 11

increasing integration of the world in terms of communications, culture & economics ex. COVID

Question 12

Realism

Answer 12

A broad intellectual tradition that explains international relations mainly in terms of power

Question 13

Mercantilism

Answer 13

; yes to tariffs because its help economy aka trade protectionism ex. Trumps policy on steel workers in the USA

Question 14

Protectionism

Answer 14

The theory or practice of shielding a country’s domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports

Question 15

Free Trade

Answer 15

Intl. trade left to its natural course w/o tariffs, quotas or other restrictions ex European Union , US w/ Canada & Mexico

Question 16

Idealism

Answer 16

An approach that emphasizes international law, morality & intl. organizations, rather than power alone, as key influences an intl. relations

Question 17

Hans Morgenthau

Answer 17

Classical realism , theorist , created of realism , he perfected it , created post WW2: CONFLICT= imperfect human nature & subjective historical / philosophical analysis

Question 18

Henry Kissinger

Answer 18

Realist political figure ; national security adviser and Secretary of State to president Nixon

Question 19

Anarchy

Answer 19

not complete chaos but the lack of a central govt. that can enforce rules ex French Revolution

Question 20

Security dilemma

Answer 20

A situation in which actions taken by a state to increase its own security cause reactions from other states ,which in turn lead to a decrease rather than an increase in the original state’s security

Question 21

Balance of power

Answer 21

A situation in which nations of the world have roughly equal power ;multi polar , bi polar , uni polar

Question 22

Hegemonic stability theory

Answer 22

one big power that stabilizes intl because of its power ex US after WWll

Question 23

Geopolitics

Answer 23

The use of geography as an element of power & the ideas about it held by political leaders & scholars

Question 24

League of Nations

Answer 24

Organizations established after WW1 & forerunner of UN ; achieved certain humanities & other successes but was weakened by the absence of U.S membership & by its own lack of effect ; venrues in ensuring collective security

Question 25

Game theory

Answer 25

A branch of mathematics concerned w/ predicting bargaining outcomes. Games such as Prisoner’s Dilemma have been used to analyze various sorts of intl. interactions

Question 26

Prisoner’s Dilemma

Answer 26

A situations modeled by game theory in which rational actors pursing their individual interests all achieve worse outcomes than they could have by working together

Question 27

Institutionalism

Answer 27

Focuses on the role of organizations and institutions in shaping the world in various way ; use institutions to decrease possibility on war

Question 28

Interdependence

Answer 28

A political & economic situation in which two states are simultaneously dependent on each other for their well-bring . The degree of interdependence is sometimes designated in terms of “sensitivity “ or “vulnerability” ex us and China

Question 29

Regimes

Answer 29

Authoritarian govnt.Ex. Aristocracy , democracy

Question 30

GATT

Answer 30

General agreement on tariffs and trade - treaty minimizing barriers to intl. trade by eliminating or reducing quotas , tariffs, and subsides - boost econ recovery after WW2

Question 31

Democratic Peace

Answer 31

Proposition that democratic states never (or almost never) wage war on one another - Kant - because leaders are held accountable, shared values w/o using force ,

Question 32

Capitalist Peace

Answer 32

Posits that market openness contributes to more peaceful behavior amount states ; breed peace

Question 33

Intergroup Contact Theory

Answer 33

The greater the interaction between in-group and out-group members, the less prejudice exhibited by the in-group

Question 34

Constructivism

Answer 34

Changing intl norms and actors identities help shape the content of state interests; learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in info ex Alexander Wednt

Question 35

Liberalism

Answer 35

equality of opportunity and the protection of individual rights

Question 36

Reciprocity

Answer 36

A response in kind to another’s actions

Question 37

Immanuel Kant

Answer 37

German philosopher; created reciprocity principle, lower level of analysis, democratic peace theory , and the stance that trade promotes peace

Question 38

Collective security

Answer 38

The formation of a broad alliance of most major actors in an INTL system for the purpose of jointly opposing aggression by any actor; sometimes seen as a presupposing the existence of a universal organizations ( UN) to which both the aggressor & its opponents belong

Question 39

Marxism

Answer 39

Ex : global North-South relations , in terms of a struggle between econ. Classes (especially works & owners) that have different roles in society & different access to power : showing contrasts in capitalism

Question 40

Conflict Resolution

Answer 40

The development & implementation of peaceful strategies for settling conflicts