Identifications Midterm#2 Flashcards
Drones
Another term for unmanned aerial vehicles ; these small flying vehicles , which can be armed or unarmed are increasingly used in combat and reconnaissance operations
Weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)
Nuclear,chemical, and biological weapons , all distinguished from conventional weapons by their enormous potential lethality and their relative lack of discrimination in who they kill
Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)
The longest-range ballistic missiles,able to travel 5,000 miles
Chemical Weapons Convention (1992)
an agreement that bans the production and possession of chemical weapons and includes strict verification provisions and the threat of sanctions against violators and nonparticipants in the treaty
Biological Weapons Conventions (1972)
An agreement that prohibits the development, productions and possession of biological weapons but makes no provision for inspections
Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT ) (1968)
-A treaty that created a framework for controlling the spread of nuclear materials and expertise ,
-to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
The possession of second-strike nuclear capabilities, which ensures that neither of two adversaries could prevent the other from destroying it in an all-out war
Strategic Defense Initiates (SDI)
A US effort also known as Star Wars, to develop defenses that could shoot down incoming ballistic shoot down incoming ballistic missiles, spurred by President Ronald Reagan in 1983. Critics call it an expensive failure that will likely be ineffective
Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty (1972)
A treaty that prohibited either the US or the Soviet Union from using a ballistic missile defense as a shield , which would have undermined mutually assured destructions and the basis of deterrence
Comprehensive Test Ban Treay (CTBT) (1996)
A treaty that bans all nuclear weapons testing, thereby broadening the ban on atoospheric testing negotiated in1963
Norms
Average/ socially enforced behavior / expectations of a group or cohort ex: stealing is wrong
Fighting a Counter insurgency (COIN)
Military force (often from outside powers) directed toward surpressing armed rebellion, protecting civilians & strengthening the govt.
- sauces requirement: 1 soldier to 50 civilians
External balancing
-represents an alliance arrangement whereby states join in opposition to a stronger state that is perceived as a source of danger , making this kind of balancing a measure of assuring security through combined opposition to an aggressor or a potential hegemon who can endanger the wellbeing and survival of smaller powers.
Terrorism
Premeditated, politically motivated violence against noncombatant targets by sub national, illegitimate groups, intend to influence an audience
Counterterrorism
Focuses on eliminating the terrorists / armed rebellion
Conventional forces
(Army/Navy/Airforce) is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation.
Chemical and Biological Weapons Affairs (CBW)
Serves as the lead within the Department of State to promote the global ban on chemical weapons as embodied in the CWC, including the responsibility
Nuclear Triad
- Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces
- Tactical/ battlefield Nuclear Weapons
- Conventional Forces
-enables a nation to deliver a nuclear attack by land,sea or air
Detente
“Relaxation” process of managing relations with a potentially hostile country in order to preserve peace while maintaining our vial interests
INTL Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)
Serves as the world’s foremost intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) Treaty
-an arms control treat between the US and the Soviet Union. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet general Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev signed the treaty on 8 Dec. 1987
INTL Law
-set of guidelines, can be informal/formal that national govt. recognize as potentially binding on themselves & on other national govnts
Sequences : ideas-> norms -> roles -> institutions
Ex: stealing is wrong-> unethical&hurts business ->anti-theft law-> police & law
INTL Criminal court (ICC)
-new institution- entered into force in 2002
-authorized to prosecute individuals for 4 crimes
1. Genocide
2.crimes against humanity
3. War crimes
4.Crime of Agression
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
-INTL document adopted by the UN General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings
-widely recognized as having inspired, and paved the way for, the adoption of more than seventy human rights treaties, applied today on a permanent basis at global and regional levels
INTL Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(CCPR) signed 1966
-a multilateral treaty that commits nations to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly , electoral rights and rights to due process and a fair trial
UN Convention on the Rights of the Chidl (CRC)
-INTL treaty that aims to protect the rights of children WW, defines a child as any human being under the age of 18 and calls on States Parties to take all appropriate measures to ensure that children’s rights are protected
INTL Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC)
-LGBTQ human rights non-governmental organization
-addresses human rights violations and abuses against LGBTQ people
Just War Doctrine
-largely Christian philosophy that taking a human life is wrong but war is humane/ethical because the state
- has a duty to defend its citizens
-must defend justice
-must protect innocent human life
-must defend important moral values
A just war
1. Last resort
2. Just cause
3.valid authority
4. Probable success
5.proportionally
6. Exit strategy
World Govt
-concept of a single policiatl authority with jurisdiction over all of earth and humanity
- a proposal to maintain world peace and solve global problems by providing a set of unifying institutions
UN COnference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
A structure established in 1964 to promote third world development through various trade proposals
World Health Organization (WHO)
An organization based in Geneva that provides technical assistance to improve health conditions in the third world and conducts major immunization campaigns