Final Exam Prep 2001 Grammer Flashcards by Rujula Shrestha

D.O. pronouns

me, te, lo/la, nos, los.las

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I.D.O pronouns

me, te, le, nos, les

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When does le/les change to se

if le or les is followed by a D.O. pronoun in el/ella form then it changes to se

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gusta vs gustan: when to use gusta

when thing that is liked is singular
when it’s followed by an inf.

ex. Nos gusta la cama.
Me gusta bailar.

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gusta vs gustan: when to use gustan

when thing that is liked is plural

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preterite endings -ar

é, aste, ó, amos, aron

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preterite endings -er/-ir

í, iste, ió, imos, ieron

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irregular andar stem

anduv-

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irregular estar stem

estuv-

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irregular hacer stem

hic- (except in el/ella form: hizo)

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irregular poder stem

pud-

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irregular poner stem

pus-

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irregular tener stem

tuv-

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irregular venir stem

vin-

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irregular querer stem

quis-

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irregular saber stem

sup-

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ver preterite

follows regular endings but no accents

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irregular endings

e, iste, o, imos, ieron

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irregular decir stem

dij-

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irregular traer stem

traj-

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other irreg. endings

e, iste, o, imos, eron

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preterite dar conjugations

di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron (reg. -er/-ir endings without accents)

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preterite ser/ir conjugations

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron

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conocer regular meaning

to know, be familiar with

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conocer preterite meaning

to meet (for 1st time)

saber preterite meaning

to find out

poder reg. meaning

to be able (to do something), can (do something)

saber reg. meaning

to know

poder preterite meaning

to succeed

no poder reg. meaning

to not be able (to do something), can't (do something)

no poder preterite meaning

to not to manage to do something

querer reg. meaning

to want

querer preterite menaing

to try

no querer reg. meaning

no to want

no querer preterite meaning

to refuse

-car, -gar, -zar preterite changes

only changes in yo form (busqué, pagué, empecé)

words with stem ending in a vowel

only changes in 3rd person sing./ plural form

words with stem ending in a vowel- 3rd person sing.

add yó (oyó, leyó, cayó, concluyó)

words with stem ending in a vowel- 3rd person plural

add yeron (oyeron, leyeron, cayeron, concluyeron)

stem changers in preterite

- no stem changes in ar/er form, but it DOES in ir form - however, for -ir it only changes in el/ella/ellos/ellas form

steps for passive se

1. eliminate subject 2. replace se for subject 3. conjugate verb based on plurality of direct object

steps for impersonal se

1. eliminate subject 2. conjugate to el/ella form 3. add se in front of sentence

how to differentiate between passive se and impersonal se

passive se has direct objects but impersonal se doesn't

tu command - affirmative

- use el/ella form

tu command affirmative - decir

tu command affirmative - hacer

haz

tu command affirmative - poner

pon

tu command affirmative - tener

ten

tu command affirmative - salir

sal

tu command affirmative - ser

sé

tu command affirmative - ir

tu command affirmative - venir

ven

tu command negative steps

- write yo form of the verb - drop the o of the verb - replace with es of -ar and as for -er/-ir

irreg. tu command DISHES -dar

no des

irreg. tu command DISHES - ir

no vayas

irreg. tu command DISHES - ser

no seas

irreg. tu command DISHES - haber

no hayas

irreg. tu command DISHES - estar

no estés

irreg. tu command DISHES - saber

no sepas

imperfect reg. endings

aba, abas, aba, ábamos, aron

imperfect -er/-ir endings

ía, ías, ía, iamos, ían

imprefect irreg. SIV - ser

era, eras, era, éramos, eran

imprefect irreg. SIV - ir

iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, iban

imprefect irreg. SIV - venir

veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veían

para uses

recipient, use, final destination, dealine, "in order to", comapre with other, in the employ of, followed by inf.

por uses

on behalf of, instead of/ exchange (money), going THROUGH, time of day, cause/ reason/ "due to", transportation / "by means of", fixed phrases, and always after gracias use por

someone

alguien

something

algo

no one

nadie

nothing

nada

some, any

algún, alguno, alguna, algunos, algunas

none, not any

ningún, ninguno, ninguna

present perfect - abrir

abierto

present perfect - cubrir

cubierto

present perfect - escribir

escrito

present perfect - romper

roto

present perfect - volver

vuelto

present perfect - abdecirrir

dicho

present perfect - hacer

hecho

present perfect - morrir

muerto

present perfect - poner

puesto

present perfect - resolver

resuelto

present perfect reg ending -ar

-ado

present perfect reg ending -er/-ir

-ido

Final Exam Prep 2001 Grammer Flashcards

(85 cards)