Final exam pt. 2

Question 1

manual therapy

Answer 1

use of hands on technique to evaluate, treat, & improve status of neuromusculoskeletal conditions

Question 2

Effleurage

Answer 2

• relaxes muscles
• blood vessel dilation
• increase blood & lymph flow
• promotes fluid mobilizations
• stretching & break down of adhesions

Question 3

effleurage technique

Answer 3

• light stroking over skin
• distal to proximal, towards heart

Question 4

petrissage

Answer 4

• compression & kneading
• promotes circulation, relaxes muscles, improves muscle mobility

Question 5

friction

Answer 5

• use of finger pads or thumbs in criss cross or circular motion
• loosen scar tissue & adhesions to deeper structures
• stim. circulation to area

Question 6

general precautions

Answer 6

• clean hands & skin, trim nails, warm hands, no jewelry
• lubricant w/ effleurage
• discomfort w/ friction
• do not lose contact
• even & slow rhythm

Question 7

myofascial release

Answer 7

• treat restricted fascia associated w/ skin, subcutaneous tissue, & other superficial structures limiting mobility
• not actually done on myofascia, but fascia w/ skin
• palpation fundamental

Question 8

myofascial trigger points

Answer 8

area of tenderness in muscle or its fascia that can cause referred pain & is palpated as a taut band w/ nodule

Question 8

active trigger point

Answer 8

always tender & can produce referred pain whether muscle is active or inactive

Question 8

latent trigger points

Answer 8

only painful when palpated

Question 9

trigger point treatment: ice & stretch

Answer 9

ice & stretch: inhibit pain cycle by blocking transmission of pain signal so muscle can respond to stretch

Question 9

muscle energy

Answer 9

• voluntary contraction of muscle in a precisely controlled direction against a counterforce
• corrects malalignments
• can be eccentric, concentric, or isometric
• reciprocal inhibition: contracted muscle causes antagonist relaxation & synergist contraction

Question 10

plyometrics

Answer 10

use of quick movement of eccentric activity followed by burst of concentric activity to produce a desired powerful output as quickly as power

Question 11

eccentric phase

Answer 11

muscle is pre-stretched as it actively lengthens

Question 11

amoritization phase

Answer 11

amount of time it takes to move from eccentric to concentric motion

Question 12

concentric phase

Answer 12

outcome phase

Question 13

plyometric considerations

Answer 13

• strength: 60% of bodyweight
• flexibility: good flex. –> greater muscle lengthening –> better concentric contraction
• proprioception: agility, balance, coordination

Question 14

plyometric program design

Answer 14

• intensity
• volume
• recovery: endurance (10-15s) & power (45-60s)
• frequency: 48 hrs b/w sessions

Question 15

considerations

Answer 15

• age: under 16 should be low intensity & volume, no boxes or weights, CNS not mature, bones can’t handle force
• body weight: 220lbs+ puts greater stress
• competitive level: higher intensity
• surface
• footwear
• technique
• progression
• goals

Question 15

criteria to meet before returning patient to full participation

Answer 15

• acute S&S symptoms resolved w/ no pain or edema
• full JROM, normal strength, muscle endurance, CV endurance, appropriate proprioception, agility, & coordination to skills as needed
• pre-injury level of skill; can’t identify involved side
• confidence in ability & injured area
• physician’s clearance

Question 16

functional exercise define

Answer 16

activities that advance a pt to a safe return to pull participation as soon as feasible

Question 17

functional evaluation

Answer 17

objective assessment of pt’s ability to perform an exercise or skill safely & accurately before they’re allowed to next level

Question 17

functional exercise goals

Answer 17

• flexibility, strength, endurance, & coordination
• normal speed, power, control, agility
• pt’s self-confidence
• return to pre-injury status

Question 17

functional exercise components

Answer 17

• normal motion
• multi-planar motion & multiple muscle groups
• acceleration
• proprioceptive stimulation
• agility & power
• sport specific skill development
• confidence development

Question 18

benefits of water

Answer 18

- versatile modality - accommodates almost all injuries - lowers pain levels, decreases compressive joint forces - decreases muscle guarding due to perceived weightlessness

Question 19

specific gravity

Answer 19

- water = 1 - <1 will float, humans about 0.97 - specific gravity = .95 --> 95% will be submerged & 5% will float

Question 20

bouyancy

Answer 20

- body partially or fully immersed in fluid will experience an upward thrust (center of bouyancy) of the fluid the body displaces - provide support (decrease gravitational forces on weak limbs) or resistance (when using floatation device)

Question 21

drag force

Answer 21

- frictional resistance of an object - greater surface area will increase drag forces --> more resistance - changing position or shape of object or body part --> increase or decrease speed

Question 21

Archimede's principle

Answer 21

If weight of water displaced is less than weight of object, object will sink; otherwise, object will float w/ weight of water displaced = weight of object

Question 22

cohesive force

Answer 22

- molecules adhering together due to mutual attraction - runs parallel to water surface; surface tension

Question 22

wave drag

Answer 22

- water's resistance because of turbulence - greater speed, greater wave drag - walk in water, 5-6x resistance

Question 23

Pascal's Law/hydrostatic pressure

Answer 23

- any depth in water, pressure from water on immersed object is same from all directions - CV is assisted w/ reducing effusion & edema in extremities

Question 24

early phase aquatic exercise

Answer 24

gait training, ROM, some strengthening

Question 25

middle phase aquatic exercise

Answer 25

- restore muscle strength & endurance - use drag for resistance

Question 26

advanced phase aquatic exercise

Answer 26

- Agility, Balance, Coordination

Question 27

end phase aquatic exercise

Answer 27

- specific demands

Question 28

swiss ball safety factors

Answer 28

- don't wear anything that may puncture the ball - rubber sole shoes - don't combine bouncing w/ bending or spine twist

Question 28

ball size recommendation

Answer 28

feet flat on floor, hips & knees @ 90 dgerees