Final Exam Review Packet 1

Question 1

Serotonin is a monoamine or catecholamine

Answer 1

a monoamine

Question 2

Dry mouth might be a side effect of

Answer 2

a noradrenergic agonist (e.g., a tricyclic antidepressant)

Question 3

Which of the following might be likely to increase appetite?

a. a 5HT2C agonist
b. methylphenidate
c. a D2 antagonist (e.g., an antipsychotic drug)

Answer 3

c. a D2 antagonist (e.g., an antipsychotic drug)

Question 4

What effect do carbohydrates have on serotonin in the brain?

Answer 4

Increase 5HT because facilitate transport of tryptophan into brain.

Question 5

Explain why MAO inhibitors are anti-depressants

Answer 5

They reduce breakdown of monoamines.

Question 6

Explain why monoamine reuptake inhibitors are anti-depressants.

Answer 6

They prolong action of monoamines.

Question 7

If serotonin synthesis is blocked, which of the following might be increased?

Answer 7

Depression

Aggressive behavior

Question 8

What is 5-HIAA?

Answer 8

Metabolite of 5HT

Question 9

In a study that followed 49 preadolescent males for four years, why were monkeys with the lowest levels of 5-HIAA much more likely to die?

Answer 9

Aggressive behavior led to injuries

Question 10

What is the name of the dopamine path that disintegrates in Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 10

nigrostriatal

Question 11

Sexual motivation (libido) would be most likely to be suppressed by:

Answer 11

Serotonin

Question 12

In addition to behavior therapy, what type of pharmacotherapy would be most likely to help someone with OCD?

Answer 12

Serotonin agonist

Question 13

What type of electrical stimulation would be likely to increase dopamine release, and where?

Answer 13

Electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra

Would increase release of DA in basal ganglia

Question 14

How might dopamine deficiency relate to vulnerability to addiction?
(specify a part of the brain, and explain)

Answer 14

Deficiency in nucleus accumbens

Question 15

How might a dopamine deficiency relate to ADHD?

(specify a part of the brain)

Answer 15

Deficiency in prefrontal cortex – maybe also nucleus accumbens

Question 16

Which of the following, if any, increase dopamine in the prefrontal cortex?

a. methylphenidate
b. atomoxetine

Answer 16

methylphenidate

atomoxetine

Question 17

Explain how atomoxetine, which is a noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor, can increase dopamine in the prefrontal cortex.

Answer 17

In prefrontal cortex, the noradrenergic transporter also transports dopamine.

Question 18

Which of the following increase dopamine in the nucleus accumbens?

a. methylphenidate
b. atomoxetine

Answer 18

a. methylphenidate

Question 19

Which of the following contribute to falling asleep?

increase in glutamate
increase in norepinephrine
increase in gaba
increase in histamine

Answer 19

increase in GABA

Question 20

A benzodiazepine, which is a _______ (name neurotransmitter) agonist, is likely to decrease:

Answer 20

GABA (neurotransmitter)

anxiety and latency to fall asleep

Question 21

Which of the following become almost immediately effective?
benzodiazepines
SSRI
SNRI
methylphenidate and other stimulants
atomoxetine
Ketamine

Answer 21

Benzodiazepine
methylphenidate and other stims
Ketamine

Question 22

Blocking an alpha2 receptor can increase release of:

Explain.

Answer 22

norepinephrine and serotonin

Alpha2 receptors are heteroreceptors on serotonin terminals.

Question 23

The subgenual ACC and amygdala are likely to show ____ activity following successful treatment for depression, while the ____ shows increased activity.

Answer 23

decreased, prefrontal cortex

Question 24

The cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit shows ____________ activation after successful treatment for OCD.

Answer 24

decreased

Question 25

Although psilocybin may have some effects on glutamate, its main effects are as an agonist for ____ receptors

Answer 25

5HT2A

Question 26

For treatment-resistant depression (not responsive to SSRIs or SNRIs), what non-drug alternatives might one try?

Answer 26

ECT, TMS, deep brain stimulation

Question 27

26. Alcohol is a ____ agonist and _____antagonist

Answer 27

gaba, glutamate

Question 28

D-cycloserine is an indirect agonist for

Answer 28

glutamate

Question 29

Why has d-cycloserine sometimes been combined with behavior therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders?

Answer 29

Might increase speed of learning (e.g., extinction of fear)

Question 30

Dry mouth might be a side effect of:

Answer 30

a muscarinic antagonist

Question 31

What effect is an H3 antagonist likely to have on wakefulness?

Answer 31

Increase it

Question 32

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is likely to be increased by:

Answer 32

``` Heroin Stimulants Nicotine Cannabis (pretty much all drugs of abuse that are addictive) ```

Question 33

For what sort of research hypothesis would tryptophan hydroxylase knockout mice be useful?

Answer 33

To investigate role of serotonin by seeing effects of reducing it

Question 34

What type of cholinergic receptor is at neuromuscular junctions?

Answer 34

Nicotinic

Question 35

Dopamine ______________ are likely to increase appetite.

Answer 35

antagonists

Question 36

If one feels sleepy after a meal, it may be because of a decrease in

Answer 36

orexin