Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
what are the energy yielding nutrients?
lipids, fats and proteins
what is the difference between organic and inorganic nutrients?
organic nutrients contain carbon and inorganic nutrients do not
what are the DRIs?
the dietary reference intakes are a set of values for the notary nutrient intakes for healthy people
what do the DRIs include?
the EAR, RDA, AI and UL
how are the ingredients in a food label listed?
in descending order of predominance
what are the daily values in food labels?
they are expressed as percentages and an estimate of contributing to a total diet
what is the percent daily value?
percentage of a daily value found in a specified serving of food for key nutrients based on a 2000 calorie diet
what is greater than 20 percent?
an excellent source
what is 10-19 percent?
a good source
what is less than 5 percent?
a low sources
what are enriched foods?
when nutrients that were lost during processing are added back to a food
what is a fortified food?
when nutrients that weren’t initially there are added to a food
what is the order of digestion?
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
what are the three components of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum and ileum
what is the function of the lower esophageal sphincter?
it prevents reflux
what is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
opens 3 times a minute to allow chyme from the stomach to enter small intestine
what does the upper esophageal sphincter do?
it opens during swallow
what does the ileocecal valve do?
it separates small and large intestine
what is the purpose of sphincter contractions?
they control pace of GI content movement
what is bolus?
amount of food swallowed at one time
what is chyme?
bolus with acids, enzymes and fluid
what is the pH of chyme?
approximately 2
where are most digested?
the mouth and small intestine
where is protein digested?
the stomach and small intestine
