Final Exam Study Guide Exam 1

Question 1

the idea that the physical brain and non-physical mind are separate entities is considered

Answer 1

dualism

Question 2

johannes Muller

Answer 2

credited with first describing the doctrine of specific nerve energies

Question 3

which of the following goals of scientific research can be described as explaining a phenomenon by studying the components that underlie that phenomenon

Answer 3

reduction

Question 4

process of evolution by which inherited traits that confer a selective advantage become more prevalent in a population

Answer 4

natural selection

Question 5

Who was purported to be a great proponent of dualism?

Answer 5

Rene Descartes

Question 6

The idea that an evolutionary adaptions serve specific purposes is called

Answer 6

functionalism

Question 7

this phenomenon occurs when the corpus callosum is served, cutting off connection between hemisphered

Answer 7

split-brain

Question 8

which disorder occurs as a result of damage to the parietal lobe and produces a failure to notice things located in the side of space opposite to the damaged area

Answer 8

unilateral

Question 9

most important aspect of development is

Answer 9

the environment

the genes

Question 10

pressing the side of the eye produces flashes of light. This phenomenon called phosphenes illustrates the concept of

Answer 10

specific nerve energies

Question 11

dorsal areas of the frontal lobes are

Answer 11

near the top of the head

Question 12

When a function is said to be contralateral, this means

Answer 12

it is processed by the opposite side of the brain

Question 13

a neuron with 2 major neurites is typically called a

Answer 13

bipolar neuron

Question 14

what distinguishes a neuron from other cells in the body?

Answer 14

a high number of voltage gated ion channels in the cell’s membrane

Question 15

which of the following ensures that only specific molecules can enter the brain?

Answer 15

the blood-brain barrier

Question 16

what is the function of an astrocyte

Answer 16

glial cell that provides support and nutrients for a neuron

Question 17

the main function of a microglial cell

Answer 17

is to clean up debris in the brain and provide immune system functions to the brain

Question 18

schwann cells are found in the

Answer 18

PNS

Question 19

oligodendrocytes help insulate neurons from each other in

Answer 19

CNS

Question 20

typical components of a simple reflex circuit are

Answer 20

sensory neuron- Excitatory Interneuron- Motor Neuron

Question 21

the arachnoid meninge is the

Answer 21

middle layer through which blood vessels and CSF flow

Question 22

the flow of information in a typical neuron is

Answer 22

dendrite, soma, axon, button

Question 23

the lobe of brain nearest to the caudal end of the brain is

Answer 23

occipital

Question 24

which of the following refers to the back of the brain

Answer 24

posterior

Question 25

monism

Answer 25

mind is a property of a physical nervous system

Question 26

"father of modern philosophy" speculations about roles of mind and brain in the control of behavior provide a good starting point in history of behavioral neuroscience

Answer 26

Rene Descartes

Question 27

first to suggest a link exists between a human mind and its purely physical housing, the brain

Answer 27

rene Descartes

Question 28

notion that bumps on the skull indicate developed skills associated with regions of cortex

Answer 28

phrenology

Question 29

- "specific nerve energies" | - rigorous experimentation and logical deduction

Answer 29

Muller

Question 30

Axon length | Long and short

Answer 30

Golgi type I and II respectively

Question 31

nerve cells conduct what type of signals?

Answer 31

electrochemical

Question 32

defines the boundary of the cell

Answer 32

Membrane

Question 33

jellylike structure that contains small specialized structures

Answer 33

cytoplasm

Question 34

saltatory conduction

Answer 34

speeds up velocity and allows for smaller diameter axons

Question 35

dura mater

Answer 35

outer (thick layer)

Question 36

arachnoid

Answer 36

middle layer | blood vessels run through this layer

Question 37

pia mater

Answer 37

inner layer

Question 38

small grooves in cortex called

Answer 38

sulci

Question 39

large grooves in cortex called

Answer 39

fissures

Question 40

bulges in cortex called

Answer 40

gyri

Question 41

limbic system consists of

Answer 41

``` hippocampus amygdala septum (rage after lesions) fornix mammillary bodies ```

Question 42

parasympathetic

Answer 42

digestion

Question 43

sympathetic

Answer 43

fight or flight

Question 44

associated with energy expenditure

Answer 44

sympathetic division

Question 45

associated with energy conservation

Answer 45

parasympathetic division