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Psych 403 > Vision Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Vision Chapter 6 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

receptors

A

specialized nerve cells that transduce energy

act as dendrites that eventually induce A.P.’s

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2
Q

Mode specific, only detect a small range of energy levels

A

receptors

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3
Q

function is to detect EMR emitted by objects

A

visual systems

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4
Q

nature of visible ight

A

400-700 nM

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5
Q

functions of vision

A
  • locate figure v. ground
  • detect movement (predator/prey)
  • detect color (adaptive value of color)
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6
Q

light passes through several layers of the _____ to reach the photoreceptors

A

retina

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7
Q

do we contain more rods or cons?

A

Rods: 120 million
COnes: 6 million

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8
Q

light sensitive

A

rods

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9
Q

color sensitive

- one continuous membrane

A

cones

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10
Q

found in periphery of retina

A

rods

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11
Q

found mostly in fovea

A

cones

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12
Q

Bony pockets in the front of the skull.

A

orbits

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13
Q

The white tissue of the eye.

A

Sclera

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14
Q

mucous membranes that line the eyelid and protect the eye

A

Conjunctiva

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15
Q

Transparent outer covering of the eye that admits light.

A

cornea

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16
Q

Adjustable opening in the iris that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.

A

pupil

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17
Q

iris

A

Pigmented ring of muscles situated behind the cornea.

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18
Q

Consists of a series of transparent, onion-like layers. Its shape can be changed by contraction of ciliary muscles.

A

lens

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19
Q

Changes in the thickness of the lens, accomplished by the ciliary muscles, that focus images of near or distant objects on the retina.

A

accommodation

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20
Q

The neural tissue and photoreceptive cells located on the inner surface of the posterior portion of the eye.

A

retina

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21
Q

Photoreceptor cells of the retina, sensitive to light of low intensity.

A

rod

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22
Q

Photoreceptor cells of the retina; maximally sensitive to one of three different wavelengths of light and hence encodes color vision. Works at higher light levels.

A

cone

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23
Q

Area of retina that mediates the most acute vision. Contains mostly color-sensitive cones.

A

fovea

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24
Q

Location on the retina where fibers of ganglion cells exit the eye; responsible for the blind spot.

A

optic disk

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25
in the dark, which channels are open and what is released
Na channels open, glutamate released
26
consist of opsin and retinal
photopigments
27
net effect of light on the eyes
light hyperpolarizes the retinal receptor
28
Cells from retina terminate in LGN layers 1,2 Carry info on contrast and movement (color insensitive) Carry input from “A” retinal ganglion (Y type) cells
Magnocellular system
29
Cells from retina terminate in LGN layers 3-6 carry info on fine detail, and R/G color Carry input from “B” retinal ganglion cells (X type)
Parvocellular system
30
Cells from retina terminate between major layers in LGN. carry info on B/Y color Carry input from bistratified ganglion cells
Koniocellular system
31
shows circular receptive fields | - : larger for magnocellular than parvocellular
LGN
32
cells respond to only one eye | Columns for left and right alternate
Ocular dominance
33
Cells respond to same orientation, adjacent cells are shifted by 10 degrees Are at right angle to ocular dominance column Do a 180 degrees in 1 mm
Orientation columns:
34
large areas of light and dark
low frequency
35
high frequency
fine details
36
requirements of color vision
at least 2 photoreceptors - a way to compare their responses- - different wavelengths of light
37
specialized neurons that detect a variety of physical events
sensory receptors
38
stimuli impinge on the receptors and alter their membrane potentials. This process is known as
sensory transduction
39
the process by which sensory stimuli are transduced into slow, graded potentials
sensory transduction
40
a slow, graded electrical potential produced by a receptor cell in response to a physical stimulus
receptor potential
41
affect the release of neurotransmitters and modify the pattern of firing in neurons
receptor potential
42
perceived color of light determined by which three dimensions
hue, saturation, brightness
43
dominant wavelength and one perceptual dimension of color
hue
44
perceptual dimension of color that corresponds to intensity
brightness
45
purity of the light being perceived
saturation
46
provide most visual information about our environment
cones
47
responsible for daytime vision
cones
48
the source of vision of the highest sharpness
cones
49
central region of the retina which mediates our most acute vision and contains only cones
fovea
50
rods or cones are responsible for color vision - our ability to discriminate light of different wavelengths
cones
51
which is more sensitive to light rods or cones?
rods
52
in very dim light we use rod or cone vision
rod
53
responsible for blind spot due to no receptors being there
optic disk
54
exit point from the retina of the fibers of the ganglion cells that form the optic nerve
optic disk
55
photoreceptors communicate with _____ who communicate with ___ whose axons send info to the rest of the brain
bipolar cells, ganglion cells
56
which two cells do the color-sensitive ganglion cells in the retina contain
red-green and yellow-blue
57
Ventral stream
Recognizes what an object is and what color it has | - provides visual info about size, shape, color, and texture
58
Dorsal stream
Re ognizes where an object is located
59
Prosopagnosia
Inability to recognize faces
60
Optic flow
The relative movement of the visual elements of your environment
61
Inability to perceive | Movement
Akinetopsia
62
Damage to area V4
Abolished color constancy
63
Damage to V8
Cerebral achromatopsia, Loss of color vision
64
Where Is the fusiform Face area located?
In a region I the medial surface of the exrastriate cortex on the base of the brain

Psych 403 (14 decks)

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