Final Exam Study Guide - Part 2 of 3

Question 1

A hearing loss that is present at birth, due to genetic factors, and resulting from abnormal development of the outer and middle ear mechanisms can be classified as:

Answer 1

• Congenital
• Endogenous
• Peripheral

Question 2

The term _______ refers to all types and degrees of hearing loss.

Answer 2

hearing impairment

Question 3

Medical treatment or surgery to restore all or part of reduced hearing capabilities usually works with ________ types of hearing loss.

Answer 3

Conductive and mixed

Question 4

A hearing loss that is associated with occupational and recreational noise exposure can be classified as:

Answer 4

• Acquired
• Exogenous
• Peripheral

Question 5

Hearing sensitivity “within normal limits for an adult” is identified when pure tone audiometry findings are plotted at levels that are ____dB HL or less on the audiogram.

Answer 5

25

Question 6

Problems in the outer, middle, and inner ear may lead to ________ hearing loss.

Answer 6

a mixed

Question 7

The peripheral vestibular system in each ear consists of _______ sensory organs, housed with the __________ labyrinth, which is filled with _________.

Answer 7

• 5
• membranous
• endolymph

Question 8

The lateral, most peripheral layer of the tympanic membrane arises/develops from _______ primordial/germ cells.

Answer 8

ectodermal

Question 9

“_______” refers to a collection of anomalies or symptoms resulting from a single cause.

Answer 9

syndrome

Question 10

both the utricle and saccule have maculae which contain sensory hair cells embedded in a gelatinous material covered with _________ or calcium carbonate crystals.

Answer 10

otoconia

Question 11

Genetic hearing loss:

Answer 11

• 50-60% of all congenital SNHL
• Approx. 70% autosomal recessive pattern of inher.
• Approx. 15% autosomal dominant pattern of inher.
• Over 400 known genetic causes

Question 12

The term ____________ refers to the regularity which an inherited trait is manifested in the person who carries the gene.

Answer 12

penetrance

Question 13

The peripheral auditory system consists of all structures lateral to the _________.

Answer 13

Brainstem

Question 14

Complete maturation of the cochlear sensory and supporting cells does not occur until the:

Answer 14

5th fetal month

Question 15

The physical manifestation of a genetic trait is called a __________ and the actual genetic makeup that results in that trait is called a ________.

Answer 15

• Phenotype

- Genotype

Question 16

_________ is the most extreme and rare form of an inner ear anomaly where there is no inner ear and in some cases no auditory nerve.

Answer 16

Michel

Question 17

_____, a fluid that is high in its concentration of potassium and low in sodium, is contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.

Answer 17

Endolymph

Question 18

Problems in the outer and/or middle ear may lead to ______ hearing loss

Answer 18

a conductive

Question 19

The Membranous labyrinth:

Answer 19

• Located within the bony labyrinth
• Separated from the the bony labyrinth by perilymph fluid
• Contrains endolymph
• Contains the scala media and the sensory receptor cells for hearing

Question 20

The ossicles develop from ________ primordial/germ cells.

Answer 20

mesoderm.

Question 21

Hearing loss present at birth or acquired before the age 3-5 years is also often classified as a _________________.

Answer 21

Prelingual hearing loss

Question 22

____________ is usually NOT treatable or reversible with medication and/or surgery.

Answer 22

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 23

The auricle is adult shaped by the _______ but continues to grow until about age 9.

Answer 23

20th fetal week

Question 24

A _________ is characterized by reduction of sound loudness due to signal attenuation.

Answer 24

conductive hearing loss

Question 25

About _________ of cases of congenital HL/deafness are due to genetic factors.

Answer 25

half (50-60%)

Question 26

The term _________ usually refers to a person who becomes deaf as an adult.

Answer 26

“Deafened”

Question 27

The term __________ refers to congenital absence of tissue or organ.

Answer 27

aplasia

Question 28

The majority of children with ___________________ are born to parents with normal hearing.

Answer 28

congenital sensorineural hearing loss

Question 29

_________ type of dysplasia accounts for the majority of all cases of congenital inner ear anomalies.

Answer 29

Scheibe

Question 30

_____________ of inheritance accounts for the majority of congenital genetic sensorineural hearing loss.

Answer 30

Autosomal recessive pattern

Question 31

The _________ are arranged perpendicularly to one another so that with any ________, sensory receptor cells in at least one semicircular canal are stimulated.

Answer 31

• semicircular canals

- angular acceleration

Question 32

Auditory placcodes invaginate into the surface layer of _________ primordial/germ cells to form the auditory pit.

Answer 32

Ectoderm

Question 33

The auditory pit eventually becomes the otocyst and finally the __________.

Answer 33

membranous labyrinth

Question 34

__________ primordial/germ cells eventually become the outer skin, nervous system, and sense organs.

Answer 34

Ectoderm

Question 35

The middle ear cavity and Eustachian tube arise from ___________ primordial/germ cells.

Answer 35

Endoderm

Question 36

The vestibular system works with input from the ________ and ____________ systems to produce sensation of motion and help maintain balance.

Answer 36

• Visual

- Somatosensory