Final Exam Study Guide - Part 3 of 3

Question 1

Name the 4 possible sequela or complications that may arise from otitis media?

Answer 1

1. Retraction of the Tympanic Membrane
2. Cholesteatomas
3. Tympanic membrane perforations
4. Mastoiditis

Question 2

Cerumen glads are found in the _________________ auditory canal.

Answer 2

cartilaginous portion of the external

Question 3

4 characteristics of chronic serous otitis media

Answer 3

1. Thick mucous like fluid/effusion is present
2. Mild to moderate conductive hearing loss
3. Middle ear disease is relatively long standing ( > 3 months)
4. Fluid/effusion is “glue like” and may erode the ossicles and structures of the bony labyrinth.

Question 4

4 possible characteristics of a patient diagnosed with Treacher Collins.

Answer 4

1. conductive hearing loss
2. hypoplastic maxilla and mandible
3. ear canal atresia
4. microtia

Question 5

Total cerumen impaction of the external ear canal can cause:

Answer 5

• sensation of obstruction
• otalgia
• mild conductive hearing loss
• coughing

Question 6

3 common causes of ear canal traumas:

Answer 6

1. Self caused by aggressive use of Q-tips
2. Hearing aid impression making procedures
3. Earwax removal and cleaning procedures by med. personal.

Question 7

Otitis media which has a slow onset and persists for 2-3 months or longer is often categorized as ____________ otitis media

Answer 7

chronic

Question 8

The _________ serves to aerate/provide oxygen, equalize pressure, and to drain fluid from the middle ear cavity.

Answer 8

Eustachian tube

Question 9

Surgery to repair a tympanic membrane perforation is called ____________.

Answer 9

tympanoplasty

Question 10

____________ refers to “scar like” calcium formation between layers of the tympanic membrane or in the middle ear, often caused by otitis media with effusion and perforations.

Answer 10

tympanosclerosis

Question 11

Otitis media with effusion typically results in _________

Answer 11

a conductive hearing loss

Question 12

In the _________, the patient auto-inflates the ET by increased pressure on forced expiration with the nostrils held shut.

Answer 12

Valsalva maneuver

Question 13

____________ refers to a surgical incision into the TM, usually to remove fluid from the middle ear cavity.

Answer 13

myringotomy

Question 14

___________ refers to an operation to remove infection from the mastoid portion of the temporal bone.

Answer 14

mastoidectomy

Question 15

________ is a surgical procedure that involves incision of the TM and placement of a pressure equalization or ventilation tube.

Answer 15

tympanostomy

Question 16

Mutations in the gene that codes for Connexin 26 disrupt __________ homeostasis in the cochlea.

Answer 16

potassium (K+)

Question 17

Pre-auricular fistulae are _______________.

Answer 17

holes near and toward the front of the auricle/pinna

Question 18

_________ refers to a medical/surgical cosmesis intervention approach for individuals with congenital absence of the outer ear.

Answer 18

otoplasty

Question 19

Congenital closure or absence of the external auditory canal is called_______.

Answer 19

Atresia

Question 20

Between __________ of all adults in the US will be infected by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) by the age of ______.

Answer 20

• 50-80%

- 40

Question 21

Anotia:

Answer 21

the absence of the external ear.

Question 22

Atresia of the external ear canal is frequently associated with _______ of the auricle.

Answer 22

severe microtia

Question 23

The initial source of fluid, in cases of serous otitis media, are _______________ of the middle ear cavity.

Answer 23

cells that make up the mucosal lining

Question 24

Otitis media that has a sudden onset, short duration )1-21 days), and results in accumulation of sterile effusion is called ______________ otitis media.

Answer 24

acute serous

Question 25

The prevalence of otitis media is greatest during the first ______ years of life and _________ with increasing age.

Answer 25

• 3

- decreases

Question 26

In some cases of congenital CMV infection, the hearing loss may be ____________ and may be ___________..

Answer 26

• unilateral or bilateral

- present at birth or delayed in onset

Question 27

____________ of inheritance accounts for the majority of congenital genetic sensorineural hearing loss.

Answer 27

Automsomal recessive pattern.

Question 28

_________________ are extra appendages found at or near the auricle.

Answer 28

Auricular Hillocks

Question 29

Otalgia, odiferous otorrhea, fever, and hearing loss are characteristic symptoms associated with acute otitis media with ___________ effusion.

Answer 29

suppurative

Question 30

____________ refers to a total failure of development of an auditory/aural structure.

Answer 30

Aural agenesis

Question 31

Untreated ______________ can lead to meningitis and sometimes death.

Answer 31

mastoiditis

Question 32

A narrowing of the ear canal is referred to as ____________.

Answer 32

stenosis

Question 33

The ____________ maneuver (i.e. whenthe patient closes the jaw/mouth, holds/closes the nose, and swallows is done to accomplish ET opening.

Answer 33

Toynbee