Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 330 - Zoology > Final: Excretion > Flashcards

Final: Excretion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of excretion?

A

Remove excess materials from the body while preserving those needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the minerals reabsorbed?

A

water and ions (Na, K, Ca)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the minerals secreted?

A

nitrogen waste and blood break down products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the excretory structures?

A
  • contractile vacuoles
  • nephridium
  • atennae glands
  • malpighian tubules
  • kidneys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What organisms have contractive vacuoles?

A

protozoa and freshwater sponges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes contractile vacuoles not a true excretory organ?

A

Nitrogen waste readily diffuses across cell membranes into surrounding water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the primary function of contractile vacuoles?

A

To excrete excess water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of organisms is contractile vacuoles more common in and why?

A

freshwater organisms, they’re isoosmotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the process contractile vassicles use

A
  • conversion of carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid
  • carbonic anhydrase as catalyst
  • proton and bicarbonate pumped into vacuole (both solutes osmotically active)
  • water follows
  • fluid within vacuole is released to outside of cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common excretory organ in invertebrate?

A

Nephridium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Protonephridium characteristics

A
  • closed system
  • flame cells system
  • simplest of nephridium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are flame cells found?

A

at the end of nephridia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do flame cells get their name from?

A

They are flagella grouped into a flame-like cluster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the process that flame cells use.

A
  • beat and drive fluid down ducts to outside through nephridiopores
  • active absorption and excretion occures through cells on walls of collecting ducts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is considered a true nephridium?

A

Metanephridia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What organisms have attennae glands?

A

Crustaceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What organisms have metanephriadia?

A

Annelida

16
Q

Decribe metanephridia funciton

A
  • long tube open at both ends
  • fluid enters by filtration
  • reabsorption of salts and amino acids occurs in tubular system
  • tubules surrounded by extensive capillaries (carry reabsorbed materials away)
16
Q

Where are attennae glands located?

A

In the ventral part of the head

17
Q

Describe the function of attennae glands?

A
  • filtrate of blood formed at end sac
  • selective reabsorption and active secretion occurs in tubular portion
18
Q

What is the ideal form of exretion for terrestrial environments and what organisms have this?

A

malpighian tubules, arthopods

19
Q

Describe the process of malpighian tubules

A
  • work in conjunction with cells lining rectum
  • closed tubules that lack direct arterial blood supply
  • tubules float in hemolymph and actively pull material out of hemolymph and secrete into tubules
  • work by utilizing a proton pump
  • hydrogen ions are moved back in exchange for other ions (Na, K)
  • water flows by osmosis
  • fluid from tubules enter gut and move to rectum
  • rectal cells reabsorb water
  • excess water, salts, and waste such as uric acid are excreted with fecal matter
20
Q

What are the 6 fuctions of the vertebrate kidney?

A
  1. Filtering the blood
  2. Regulation of blood volume
  3. Regulation of extracellular osmolarity
  4. Regulation of extracellular fluid pH
  5. Regulation of red blood cell synthesis
  6. Vitamin D activation
21
Q

Describe how the kidney filters the blood (simple)

A
  • metabolic waste removal (ammonia, urea, uric acid)
  • excess water removed
  • excess ions removed
  • excess nutrients removed
22
Q

How does the kidney regulate blood volume?

A

Controlling the amount of extracellular fluid

23
Q

How does the kidney control extracellular osmolarity?

A

Control ion concentration (Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca++, HPO4 -2)

24
Q

How does the kidney regulate pH?

A

Along with the buffer system, it aids in maintaining a constant internal pH

25
Q

How does the kidney regulate RBC synthesis?

A

Uses erythropoietin, produced by the peritubular cells of the kidney, to stimulate the production of RBC in red marrow

26
Q

How does the kidney do Vitamin D activation?

A
  • cholecalciferol hydroxilation in kidney into active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
  • necissary for dietary Ca++ absorption
27
Q

What is the funcitonal unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

28
Q

Describe nephrons

A
  • smallest structural component capable of producing urine
  • large number increases chances of survival (1.25 million per kidney)
29
Q

You can lose ___% of functional nephrons before renal insufficiency

A

75%

30
Q

What are the 3 components of urine production?

A
  1. filtration
  2. reabsorption
  3. secretion
31
Q

Describe filtration for urine production.

A
  • the movement of fluid across filtration membrane
  • filtrate is fluid entering nephron
32
Q

Describe reabsorption for urine production

A

The movement of substances back into the blood

33
Q

Describe secretion for urine production

A

The active transport of solute into the nephron

34
Q

What is the formula for urine?

A

urine = filtration - reabsorption + secretion

35
Q

What is the formula for filtration pressure?

A

Filtration pressure = GCP - COP - CP

36
Q

What is GCP?

A

glomerular capillary pressure

37
Q

What is COP?

A

colloid osmotic pressure

38
Q

What is CP?

A

capsule pressure

BIOL 330 - Zoology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions