Final II

Question 1

Type A personality

Answer 1

1. Aggressive and hostile
2. Sense of competitiveness and ambition
3. Exaggerated sense of time and urgencies, creates deadlines

Question 2

Types A personality health study

Answer 2

Results: men are twice as likely to get and die from heart disease

Question 3

Type A personality Stress response

Answer 3

Have a larger physiological stress response

• larger heart rate increase
• larger blood pressure increases

Question 4

Optimism

Answer 4

Belief that one will generally experience good outcomes

Question 5

Optimists and health study (law students)

Answer 5

Better immune function

Question 6

Optimism and health: HIV Study

Answer 6

The more optimism levels increased:

• Improved medication adherence
• Fewer side effects

Question 7

Name the two Implicit theories

Answer 7

Entity mindset and incremental mindset

Question 8

Entity mindset

Answer 8

Fixed: the belief that human attributes are relatively static
Ex. Donald trump

Question 9

Incremental mindset

Answer 9

Growth: the belief that human attributes can be cultivated

Ex. I think I can train

Question 10

Neuroticism

Answer 10

Tendency to worry excessively over minor events and setbacks

• linked to depression
• may lead to poor health behaviors
• may lead to poor stress management

Question 11

Conscientiousness

Answer 11

The tendency to be careful, deliberate, self disciplined, thorough, organized

Question 12

Conscientiousness and health study

Answer 12

Kids with high IQs

• conscientiousness was the best predictor of longevity
• conscientious kids were less likely to die of non health behavior related illness

Question 13

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 13

Income education prestige of occupation

Question 14

Oscar winners and health

Answer 14

Compared to academy award winners to other actors in same film

• winners lived 4 years longer than other actors
• multiple winners lived 6.5 years long

Question 15

List of unhealthy race

Answer 15

African Americans

Minority groups BUT Asians

Question 16

Acculturation

Answer 16

The process of cultural exchange resulting from intercultural contact (years in the US, english language proficiency, cultural transmutation)
- linked to worse stress

Question 17

Culture

Answer 17

Culture is to society what memory is to individuals

Question 18

Nociception

Answer 18

Receptors in central and peripheral that respond to stimuli
Mechanical (crushing)
Chemical (poison)
Thermal (burns)

Question 19

Nociceptors are attached to what 2 fibers

Answer 19

A delta fibers: warning alarm to move

C fibers: signal an injury has occurred

Question 20

Pain

Answer 20

A conscious experience

Question 21

Suffering

Answer 21

An emotional response

• can happen in the absence of pain
• pain can happen without suffering

Question 22

Gate control theory

Answer 22

Incorporates both the psychological and physiological side of pain

Question 23

T or F: infants don’t feel pain

Answer 23

False

Question 24

T or F: children don’t feel pain as intense as adults

Answer 24

False

Question 25

T or F: opioids can be used safely to treat pain

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T or F: Pain is a normal part of the aging process

Answer 26

FALSE

Question 27

What helps with people cope with short term pain

Answer 27

Distraction | Social support

Question 28

Placebo

Answer 28

Any medical procedure that produces an effect in a patient because of its therapeutic intent

Question 29

How to test for placebo effects

Answer 29

Group one: real drugs Group two: placebo Placebo is better than no treatment

Question 30

Skin rash study

Answer 30

Non poisonous group were told its poisonous: developed rash | Real poison group were told its non: no rash

Question 31

Placebo acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 31

Wait list subjects reported 28% pain relief | Sham acupuncture reported 44% pain relief

Question 32

Placebo morphine with dental surgery

Answer 32

Iv drip of morphine Iv drip of saline Both groups reported high levels of pain relief

Question 33

What determines if placebos work?

Answer 33

1. How health care providers behave 2. Characteristics of the patient 3. Situational factors 4. Social norms

Question 34

How do placebos work

Answer 34

Decrease anxiety endorphins release classical conditioning Expectations

Question 35

Brain Imaging of placebo effect

Answer 35

Placebo responders had increased activity in opioid receptors

Question 36

Nocebo effects

Answer 36

Inactive substance causes unpleasant effects - pain - hair loss - nausea - asthma

Question 37

Features of a good doctor patient relationship

Answer 37

1. Social qualities - manners 2. Therapeutic - trust, empathy 3. Appreciation of expertise

Question 38

T or F: doctors underestimate the amount of information patients want

Answer 38

True | Doctors withhold information because they fear negative emotional reactions from the patient

Question 39

Many facets of communication behavior

Answer 39

1. Content: instrumental v affective 2. Modality: verbal v nonverbal 3. Privacy behavior 4. Controlling 5. Language: medical jargon v everyday terms

Question 40

Monitors personality

Answer 40

Want to be aware of everything happening in the body

Question 41

Blunders

Answer 41

Try to distract and blunt sensations rather than feel them

Question 42

Happiness is related to:

Answer 42

Age

Question 43

Happiness is not related to

Answer 43

Gender ethnicity Your physical appearance

Question 44

Strategies to make the best of things:

Answer 44

PRP Permission: to be human and fallible Reconstruct: what went wrong and come up with useful lessons for the future Perspective: this problem doesn't matter too much

Question 45

Kindness study

Answer 45

Subjects were happier when they spend money on others

Question 46

Can happiness make you healthier

Answer 46

Maybe Linked to longer lifespan in studies of healthy population - reducing stress - increase size of social network